不同产地厚竹笋的营养成分及其对土壤养分的响应特征

摘要

In order to explore nutrition components and its stability in Phyllostachys edulis ‘Pachyloen’ shoots from different habitats,effects of soil nutrients on shoot nutrition components and response characteristics of shoot nutrition components to soil nutrients were researched,and shoot nutrition contents and its relationship with soil nutrient contents for P.edulis ‘Pachyloen’ at 11 planting bases were analysis by using variance analysis,Duncan's new multiple range method,correlation coefficient,clustering,and other methods.The results showed that nutrient components in P edulis ‘Pachyloen’ shoot from different habitats had a certain differences,and difference degree of each nutrient component was different.In bamboo shoots,organic nutrient content varied relatively large,including tannin,protein,starch,sugar,crude fiber,vitamins;among mineral nutrients,contents of Zn and Mn had relatively large variances,and variances of Fe,Ca,Mg,Cr,and Ni were relatively small.There was no systematic nutrient difference in shoots growing at original place or introduced place,and one of the essential cause of nutrient differences among different habits was chemical components in soil.Contents of protein,tannin,starch,total sugar,crude fiber,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,and Ni had very significant responses towards component changing in soil,contents of vitamin E and Mg had significant responses towards component changing in soil,but contents of vitamin B1,Cr,and Ca were not sensitive towards component changing in soil.Total N content,alkaline N content,and pH value had significant effects on shoot nutrition quality,followed by the contents of organic carbon,rapidly available P,Cu,Ca,and Mg.Different chemical components in soil had various levels of effects on different nutrients in bamboo shoot.%为了探索不同产地厚竹笋的营养品质及其稳定性,就土壤养分对厚竹笋营养品质的影响情况及竹笋营养成分对土壤养分的响应特征进行了研究,并采用方差分析、Duncan新复极差分析、相关性分析和聚类分析等方法分析了11个厚竹种植基地的厚竹笋各营养成分和土壤各养分含量及其二者间的关系.结果表明:不同产地的厚竹笋其营养品质间存在一定差异,不同营养成分间的差异程度不同;竹笋中单宁、蛋白质、淀粉、糖、粗纤维、维生素等有机营养物质的含量差异均大,矿质营养中锌和锰的含量差异均较大,而铁、钙、镁、铬、镍的含量差异均相对较小;不同种源地和引种地的竹笋其各营养品质间均未出现系统差异,土壤化学性质是造成不同产地竹笋营养品质出现差异的重要原因之一;竹笋中蛋白质、单宁、淀粉、总糖、粗纤维、铜、锌、铁、锰和镍的含量对土壤各养分变化的响应程度均极显著,维生素E和镁含量对土壤养分变化的响应程度均显著,维生素B1、铬和钙含量对土壤养分变化的响应均不敏感;土壤中全氮、碱解氮的含量和pH值对竹笋营养品质的综合影响均显著,土壤中有机碳、速效磷、铜、钙和镁的含量对竹笋营养品质的综合影响也均较大,土壤化学性质不同其对不同竹笋营养成分的作用和影响程度也不同.