贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄新梢萌芽期室内霜冻模拟试验

摘要

贺兰山东麓是我国酿酒葡萄的重点产区,但是,春季正值新梢萌芽期的酿酒葡萄经常遭受晚霜冻的危害.为给酿酒葡萄抵御晚霜冻措施的制定提供气象数据的支撑,通过室内霜冻模拟试验,明确了酿酒葡萄主栽品种赤霞珠的过冷却点和结冰点,进而分别确定了未开放芽、开放芽、新梢等部位不同程度的霜冻低温阈值.试验结果显示:温度越低,且低温持续时间越长,植株受冻率越高;不同发育期酿酒葡萄植株枝条不同部位的受冻程度不同,说明其抗冻能力也不相同,其中,未开放芽的抗冻能力相对较强,开放芽次之,新梢的抗冻能力最弱;根部的芽或新梢的抗冻能力均较强,而生长于枝条梢部的芽或新梢的抗冻能力相对较弱.%The eastern foot of Helan Mountain was the best place for making wine in China,but wine grape that was just at gemination period always suffers harm of late frost in spring.In order to provide some meteorological data as support for making some measures of resisting late frost,super cool point and freezing point of main cultivar Cabemet Sauvignon were confirmed through a laboratory frost simulation experiment,and then thresholds of frost low temperature of unopened buds,opened buds and young sprouts were confirmed separately.The results showed that:lower temperature and longer duration could result in higher frozen rate of plants.Frozen degresses of different parts of wine grape shoots were different at different development periods,so their frost resisting ability were different.Among them,the frost resisting ability of unopened buds was relatively stronger,that of opened buds was the second,and that of young sprouts was the weakest.The frost resisting ability of buds and young sprouts from roots was stronger,and the frost resisting ability of buds and young sprouts from shoots was relative weaker.