华中五味子两个不同野生雄株花粉特性研究

摘要

华中五味子是重要的中药材。为给野生华中五味子的引种驯化和开发利用提供参考依据，采用电镜扫描技术、纤维素酶法、TTC法、琼脂固体培养法、授粉比较等试验手段，对河南省伏牛山地区华中五味子两个不同野生雄株的花粉形态、花粉量、花粉生活力、花粉离体萌发特征、授粉特性进行了研究。结果表明：华中五味子两个不同野生雄株的花粉均呈辐射对称状，其外壁均具网状雕纹，与雄株B花粉相比，雄株A花粉的萌发沟长、网眼小而网脊宽；雄株A的单药花粉量高于雄株B；两个雄株的花粉均在散粉24 h后失去活性，且其失去活性的趋势相似，但雄株A的花粉活力在其失活前始终强于雄株B的花粉活力；蔗糖浓度、硼酸浓度对华中五味子两个野生雄株花粉萌发率的影响均达到极显著水平；花粉萌发率，雄株A低于雄株B；雄株A花粉的最适萌发培养基为1%琼脂＋0.015%硼酸＋10%蔗糖，雄株B花粉的最适萌发培养基为1%琼脂＋0.020%硼酸＋15%蔗糖；雄株A、雄株B人工授粉的花朵结实率、心皮结实率均高于其自然授粉的结实率；花朵结实率，雄株A高于雄株B；而心皮结实率，雄株A低于雄株B。%Schisandra sphenanthera is an important traditional Chinese medicinal material. In order to provide a basis for artiifcial introduction, exploitation and utilization of wildS. sphenanthera, the pollen characteristics of two different wild male plants inS. sphenantherafrom Funiu Mountain areas were studied by using the methods of scanning electron microscopy, cellulase-catalyzed extraction, TTC staining method, solid agar culture and pollination comparative test, including pollen morphological characteristics, pollen quantity, pollen viability, germination characteristics in vitro and pollination characters. The results showed that the pollens of two different wild male plants inS. sphenanthera were radial symmetry, and their exines had reticular formation. The pollens of the male plant A had longer germinal furrows, smaller areoles, and wider murus than those of the male plant B. The pollen quantity per anther of the male plant A was more than that of the male plant B. The pollen viabilities of the two male plants were disappeared in 24 h when the anther cracked and they had similar tendency, but the pollen viability of the male plant A was more stronger than that of the male plant B before it disappeared. The concentrations of sucrose and boric acid had extremely signiifcant effects on pollen germination rates of the two wild male plants. The pollen germination rate of the male plant A was lower than that of the male plant B. The most suitable germination medium of the male plant A was 1% agar+0.015% boric acid+10% sucrose, and the most suitable germination medium of the male plant B was 1% agar+0.020% boric acid+15%sucrose. The lfower fruiting rates and carpel fruiting rates of the male plant A and the male plant B by artiifcial pollination were higher than those in natural state. The lfower fruiting rate of the male plant A was higher than that of the male plant B, but the carpel fruiting rate of the male plant A was lower than that of the male plant B.