自然湿地与人工湿地生态占补平衡研究

摘要

Function and beneift of natural and artiifcial wetlands are not equal. Substitutability and homogeneity of the wetland must be considered to achieve ecological occupancy-supplement balance in the wetland. The substitutability of artiifcial and natural wetlands is one of the key issues to solve the problem of ecological occupancy-supplement balance in wetlands. It is necessary to build a restraining system for the occupancy-supplement balance in wetland, when the wetland is occupied, new artificial wetland can be constructed, and natural wetland can be restored. By ensuring balance among ecological quantity, ecological function and ecological benefit of natural wetland, ecological loss can be reduced. Occupancy-supplement balance of wetland needs to be achieved as far as possible in the same hydrology unit or the same water catchment. Fund input must give consideration to ecological restoration of existing natural wetland and building new artiifcial wetland.%自然湿地与人工湿地的功能与效益并不完全相同。实现湿地生态占补平衡，必须考虑占补湿地的替代性与同质性。人工湿地与自然湿地的替代性是解决湿地生态占补平衡的关键问题之一。建立自然湿地与人工湿地占补平衡的约束机制，占用自然湿地时，可以新建人工湿地，还可以恢复自然湿地。通过确保自然湿地生态量、生态功能与生态效益的均衡，减少湿地的生态损失。尽可能在同一水文单位或同流域内实现湿地生态占补平衡。资金投入要兼顾现有自然湿地的生态恢复与新建人工湿地。