In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to study the differences of organic carbon among rape leaf, silique, pod area and rapeseed, yield and rapeseed oil content in two rape cultivars [High nitrogen (N) use efficiency cultivar, No. 27; low N use efficiency cultivar, No. 6] under two N application levels for exploring the law of carbon accumulation. The results showed that No. 27 ranked higher level than No. 6 in rapeseed yield, harvest index, rapeseed oil content. The accumulation of organic carbon and dry matter in root and leaf of No. 27 ranked higher level than those of No. 6 during bolting, flowering and podding stages, while the results at harvest stage exhibited the contrary trend. Additionally, organic carbon accumulation and dry matter in leaf of No. 27 was lower than that of No. 6 under N-deficient condition at harvest stage, but the result was opposite under N-sufficient condition. The organic carbon and dry matter accumulation in flower, silique and rapeseed of No. 27 were higher than those of No. 6 at reproductive stage, while vegetative growth state exhibited the opposite results in rape stem. Meanwhile, the organic carbon and dry matter in stem of No. 27 accumulated remarkably at podding stage. The organic carbon accumulation of No. 27 was higher than that of No. 6 at early growth period, while the carbon and dry matter of reproductive organs and stem in No. 27 ranked higher level compared to No. 6 at later growth stage. The two varieties showed high rapeseed yield but low oil content under two N application levels, and dry matter accumulation of nutritive organs declined remarkably. The organic carbon accumulation was tightly correlated with rapeseed oil content. In total, carbon accumulation of No. 27 is stronger than that of No. 6 at early stage, meanwhile, organic carbon, dry mass at lately growth stage and stem transportation is also stronger.%以氮高效品种27号与氮低效品种6号为试验材料，在常氮与氮胁迫两种供氮情况下，研究不同品种油菜叶片及角果、角果皮与籽粒中有机碳、产量与籽粒油分的变化及差异。结果表明，氮高效品种27号籽粒产量、收获指数、籽粒油分高于氮低效品种6号；在常氮（含KNO3102 g·L-1与Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 236 g·L-1）和缺氮（含KNO334 g·L-1与Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 78.67 g·L-1）水平下，品种27号在抽薹期、花期与角果期，根和叶有机碳与干物质大于品种6号，收获期根有机碳与干物质小于品种6号。收获期缺氮时，品种27号叶干物质与有机碳较高。生殖生长期，品种27号的花、角果、籽粒有机碳与干物质积累较品种6号强，而营养生长期茎有机碳及干物质较低，在角果期开始增强。总之，氮高效品种27号生长前期碳素积累强，生长后期生殖器官中碳素及干物质积累较强，茎中转运较强。
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