When the near-field platform is a mooring ship, the noise is emitted mostly from the smack of waves against the side of the ship. The model of the noise of near-filed platform in shallow sea and in a coastal area is established by layered media mode theory in the particle velocity field. The horizontal azimuth of acoustic energy flow of noise of near-filed platform with vector hydrophone array is presented, which is changed with frequency and is similar to the investiga-tions by vector sensor array at sea. Investigations of two array elements with the distance of 2.25 m demonstrate that the hori-zontal azimuth varies with the location of array elements, which is the reason that DOA (destination of arrival) estimation of sonar array by beam forming method is affected.%锚泊舰船作为近场平台时,所搭载的声压阵受其影响较大,无法正常工作.为研究其原因,采用矢量水听器阵探明近场锚泊舰船的噪声形成机制.基于简正波的矢量场理论,采用多个点声源声能流的相互作用对近场舰船噪声进行建模,得到了不同接收点处声能流的水平方向性.仿真结果与海上试验结果均表明,同一接收点处声能流在水平面上的方向均随频率变化,不同接收点处声能流随频率变化情况不同.说明舰船锚泊时的噪声主要由海浪拍打船舷产生,所建立的噪声模型的仿真与海上试验结果趋势一致.2个接收点水平相距2.25 m时,所反映的近场舰船水平方向性不同,这是近场舰船干扰下使用声压阵波束形成方法对远场目标进行DOA估计时的性能大幅降低的主要原因.
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