胰岛素治疗对糖尿病大鼠大脑皮层颞叶锥体细胞超微结构改变的影响

摘要

The effect of insulin therapy on the ultrastructure of pyramidalneuron in temporal cortex of the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats was observed under light and electron microscope for 3 months.The histology of pyramidal neurons in temporal cortex was not obviously different among three groups：controls，untreated diabetics and diabetics treated with insulin.The ultrastructral changes was found in untreated diabetics.The nuclear membrane inveginated and the nuclei lost their normal shape.The nuclear inclusions were distributed unevently.Some heterochromatin gathered near the nuclear membrane.The number of the main organelles in the cytoplasm decreased.The rough endoplasmic reticula（rER）became thicker and shorter.The cavities of rER were irregular；Parts of them were dilated.The loss of some ribosomal particles from the rER can also be seen.With dilated cavities and disappeared porlarites，the shape of Golgi′s bodies became irregular.The cristae of mitochordria were less and some of them became indistinct or disappeared；Some double membrane were not distinguishable clearly.However，the ultrastructure in diabetic rat treated with insulin were normal.It is suggested that the ultrastructral damage in temporal cortex observed in the study was induced by diabetes.The ultrastructral change provide the morphological evidense for the cognitive dysfunction observed in diabetes.The damages can be prevented and treated with observed in diabetes.The damages can be prevented and treated with insulin.%应用透射电镜技术观察糖尿病大鼠大脑皮层颞叶锥体细胞超微结构的变化，并对比观察胰岛素治疗对超微结构改变的影响。结果显示：病程3个月的链脲菌素致糖尿病大鼠颞叶皮层光镜下无显著改变，而锥体细胞超微结构出现细胞核形态不规则，染色质分布不均、聚集成块且有边集现象；高尔基氏器、粗面内质网扩张且数量显著减少，核糖核蛋白体脱粒；线粒体减少，部分膜和嵴模糊或消失。胰岛素治疗组则不出现上述改变。提示糖尿病可引起皮层颞叶锥体细胞超微结构的改变，为糖尿病引起的认知功能障碍及胰岛素对其防治作用提供了可靠的形态学依据。