贵州黔南野生木质藤本植物资源多样性及开发利用

摘要

为深入研究贵州黔南野生木质藤本植物资源的现状,通过野外实地调查、标本鉴定的方法,对该区野生木质藤本植物的科属组成、生活型、区系分布、观赏特性等进行了系统分析与研究.结果表明,黔南共有野生木质藤本植物478种(含32变种),隶属于45科118属,其中双子叶植物具有明显的优势,有41科111属447种,单子叶植物有3科6属28种,裸子植物仅1科1属3种,蕨类植物缺乏.在科属组成中,含2~10种木质藤本植物的科最多,单种属和含2~5种木质藤本植物的属也较多.生活型上,以高位芽藤本为主导,占总种数的89.12%;在攀援方式上,搭靠类、卷曲类和吸固类较少,而缠绕藤本优势明显,占总种数的46.23%;在生活习性上,以落叶型占主导,占总种数的74.06%,而常绿和半常绿型占的比例较少;始花期主要集中在春季,呈现出按春夏秋冬依次大幅递减的趋势.该区地理成分复杂多样,以热带地理成分为主,有87属,占总属数的73.72%;其中以热带亚洲地理分布居首位,其次为泛热带分布,说明该区系具有明显的热带性质.同时,该区的大部分木质藤本植物都具有重要的观赏特性,其生态、经济和药用价值明显,开发利用潜力巨大.%In order to study the current situation of wild woody vine resources in Qiannan of Guizhou Province through field investigation and specimen identification, the species composition, life form, flora distribution, ornamental characteristics, such as diversity of lianas has been systematically studied.The results showed that: there are 478 wild woody vine species (including 32 varieties) in total, belonging to 118 genera, and 45 families, in Qiannan of Guizhou Province.Dicotyledonous lianas dominate, and they belong to 41 families, 111 genera, and 447 species.Monocotyledonous lianas belonged to 3 families,6 genera and 28 species, and gymnosperm lianas consisted of 1 species of a single genus, However, pteridophyte lianas are absent from this area.In a family and genus hierarchy composition, the family with the 2~10 species are the most, and the genera of single species and 2~5 species are more.In terms of life-form, phanerophyte lianas predominate, accounting for 89.12% of the total number of lianas.In the climbing style, the minorities include hooking, curling, and adhering lianas, whereas the majority are twining lianas, accounting for 46.23% of the total number of species studied.The dominant living habit is of the deciduous type, accounting for 74.06% of the total number of species studied, whereas the evergreen and semi-evergreen types constitute a lower proportion.The initial flowering period is mainly concentrated in the spring, showing a trend of decreasing the spring, summer, autumn and winter season.The geographical elements are complex and diverse.Tropical lianas belonged to 87 generas, accounting for 73.72% of the total genera.The geographical distribution in tropical Asia was the most common, followed by the pan-tropical distribution, indicating that the have a tropical origin.In addition, most lianas have important ornamental characteristics, ecological, economic, and medicinal value, and development and utilization potential in the area.