目的：调查陕西省农村老年人高血压前期患病率，分析其影响因素。方法2013年11月—2014年2月，采用整群抽样方法抽取西安东南西北、咸阳东的5个行政村，采用便利抽样方法抽取西安外事学院医学院省内护理专业大三本科生所在的20个行政村，共有效调查老年人603人，包括5个行政村现场256人、护理专业大三本科生访谈347人。对603名老年人均进行问卷调查、简便体格检查及血压、血糖测量，收集并分析603名老年人的调查资料。结果本次调查共发放问卷680份，回收有效问卷603份，有效率为88.7%。603名老年人中血压正常110人（18.2%），高血压前期232人（38.5%），高血压261人（43.3%）；高血压前期知晓率为10.8%，治疗率、控制率为0。不同地域、是否独居、有无慢性疾病、是否被动吸烟、是否饮酒、是否经常参加体育锻炼、是否喜欢甜食及是否血糖高的老年人高血压前期检出率比较，差异无统计学意义（ P ﹥0.05）；男性、年龄60～74岁、文化程度为初中及以下、有高血压家族史、喜欢咸食及超重的老年人高血压前期检出率分别高于女性、年龄≥75岁、文化程度为高中及以上、无高血压家族史、不喜欢咸食及非超重的老年人（ P ＜0.05）。二分类 logistic 回归分析结果显示，性别〔 OR ＝1.966，95% CI（2.600，9.198）〕、年龄〔 OR ＝4.890，95% CI（1.123，3.442）〕、喜欢咸食〔 OR ＝2.647，95% CI （1.518，4.615）〕及超重〔OR ＝6.636，95% CI（3.581，12.295）〕是高血压前期的危险因素，文化程度〔 OR ＝0.205，95% CI（0.075，0.564）〕是高血压前期的保护因素（P ＜0.05）。结论陕西省农村老年人群高血压前期患病率较高，且男性、低龄、喜欢咸食及超重是高血压前期的危险因素，文化程度是保护因素。%Objective To investigate the prehypertension prevalence of rural aged residents in Shaanxi province,to analyze the influencing factors of prehypertension. Methods From November 2013 to February 2014,cluster random sampling method was used to selected five administrative villages in the East,West,South and North of Xi′an,the East of Xianyang, including 256 cases;convenience sampling method was used to selected 20 administrative villages that junior nursing majority undergraduates of Medical College of Xi′ an International University live in,including 347 cases. Above 603 aged residents received questionnaire survey,simple physical examination,measure of blood pressure and blood glucose,then the data was analyzed. Results The effective rate of questionnaires was 88. 7% (603 / 680). Of the 603 aged residents,110 cases′ blood pressure were normal( accounting for 18. 2% ),232 cases occurred prehypertension( accounting for 38. 5% ),261 cases occurred hypertension(accounting for 43. 3% );the awareness rate of prehypertension was 10. 8% ,while the treatment ratio and control ratio were both 0. No statistically significant differences of incidence of prehypertension was found in aged residents with different territories,live alone or not,with chronic disease or not,passive smoking or not,drinking or not,take exercise or not,like sweetmeat or not,with high blood glucose or not(P ﹥ 0. 05);the incidence of prehypertension of male residents, 60 to 74 years old residents,residents with junior middle school and the following degree of education,residents with positive family history of hypertension,residents like salty food,residents with overweight was statistically significantly higher than that of female residents,equal or over 75 years old residents,residents with high school or above degree of education,residents without positive family history of hypertension,residents did not like salty food,residents without overweight,respectively(P < 0. 05). Binary variable logistic regression analysis showed that,gender〔OR = 1. 966,95% CI(2. 600,9. 198)〕,age〔OR = 4. 890, 95% CI(1. 123,3. 442)〕,like salty food〔OR = 2. 647,95% CI(1. 518,4. 615)〕and overweight〔OR = 6. 636,95% CI (3. 581,12. 295)〕were risk factors of prehypertension of rural aged residents,while degree of education〔OR = 0. 205,95%CI(0. 075,0. 564)〕was the protective factor(P < 0. 05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of prehypertension of rural aged residents is relatively high in Shaanxi province,male residents,60 to 74 years old residents,residents like salty food and residents with overweight have high risk of prehypertension,while degree of education was the protective factor.
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