早期气管切开术在重型颅脑损伤患者中的应用效果分析

摘要

目的 分析早期气管切开术在重型颅脑损伤患者中的应用效果.方法 选取2014年10月—2016年10月张家港市第一人民医院收治的重型颅脑损伤患者227例,随机分为对照组114例和治疗组113例.对照组患者于伤后24 h后行气管切开术,治疗组患者于伤后24h内行气管切开术.比较两组患者肺部感染发生率、控制率及控制时间,病死率,住院时间,机械通气时间.结果 治疗组患者肺部感染发生率低于对照组,肺部感染控制率高于对照组,肺部感染控制时间短于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗组患者病死率低于对照组,住院时间、机械通气时间短于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 早期气管切开术在重型颅脑损伤患者中的应用效果良好,可有效降低患者肺部感染发生率,提高肺部感染控制率,缩短肺部感染控制时间、住院时间及机械通气时间.%Objective To analyze the application effect of early tracheotomy in patients with severe craniocerebral injury.Methods A total of 227 patients with severe craniocerebral injury were selected in the First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang from October 2014 to October 2016,and they were randomly divided into control group (n =114) and treatment group (n =113).Patients of control group received tracheotomy after 24 hours of trauma,while patients of treatment group received tracheotomy within 24 hours of trauma.Incidence,control rate and control time of pulmonary infection,fatality rate,hospital stays and duration of mechanical ventilation were compared between the two groups.Results Incidence of pulmonary infection of treatment group was statistically significantly lower than that of control group,control rate of pulmonary infection of treatment group was statistically significantly higher than that of control group,meanwhile control time of pulmonary infection of treatment group was statistically significantly lower than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).Fatality rate of treatment group was statistically significantly lower than that of control group,meanwhile hospital stays and duration of mechanical ventilation of treatment group were statistically significantly shorter than those of control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Early tracheotomy has good application effect in patients with severe craniocerebral injury,can effectively reduce the risk of pulmonary infection,improve the control rate of pulmonary infection,shorten the control time of pulmonary infection,hospital stays and mechanical ventilation.