苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)能产生多种对昆虫有特异活性的杀虫晶体蛋白,这些毒蛋白由cry或cyt基因编码.目前Bt杀虫基因已经广泛应用于转基因抗虫作物并且取得了巨大的经济、社会和生态效益.Bt杀虫基因的巨大市场价值引起国内外相关研究机构和企业的高度关注,并且利用知识产权将这些基因和技术转化为自己独占的权利.本文主要分析Bt杀虫基因的克隆命名情况,并对其中受专利保护的基因进行统计分析,借此为我国在转基因技术研发、产业化应用过程中,合理有效地规避知识产权陷阱,有效利用Bt资源提供决策参考.%Bacillus thuringiensis can produce various crystalline proteins with specific activities against pests during its life cycle. All of these insecticidal proteins are encoded by cry or cyt genes. Currently, pesticidal Bt genes have been widely incorporated into several major crops, resulting in transgenic insect-resistant crops, and thus achieved enormous economical, social and environmental benefits. The tremendous market value of Bt genes is attractive for both the research institutions and giant enterprises in the world, and the genes and techniques obtained were patented and transferred as the exclusive intellectual property rights. In this study, cloning and nomenclature of Bt novel toxin genes were reviewed, and the patents of Bt genes and techniques were treated respectively. The results will provide a reference for the researchers of our country to evade the patent trap and use the Bt gene resources efficiently in their transgenic and industrialization procedures.
展开▼
