陕西省油菜菌核病调查初报

摘要

调查了关中和陕南地区784个油莱田块的3 920个样点的冬季菌核数、早春子囊盘数和春季病株率,发现关中地区田块菌核平均出现率达到52.11%,玉米前茬田块平均每样点菌核数高达4.09个;陕南地区田块菌核平均出现率为43.40%,玉米前茬田块平均每样点菌核数为3.90个,而前茬为水稻的田块均未发现菌核.子囊盘数在前茬为玉米的田块为14.20枚/m2,而前茬为水稻的田内未见子囊盘.病株率调查结果显示,前茬作物种类、油菜品种、地城对发病影响很大,表现为玉米前茬田发病率明显高于水稻前茬;绵油、秦油和蓉油系列品种发病率没有显著性差异,均为感病品种.另外,不同地区之间发病率也存在显著差异.%The factors leading to Sclerotinia stem rot were investigated in 784 orchards of 3 920 sampling points in Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi Province. The results showed that the occurrence rate of the orchards and the average sclerotia on corn crops per sample point were 52.11％ and 4.09 in Guanzhong, and 43.40％ and 3.90 in southern Shaanxi, but zero on rice crops. Moreover, the average of the apothecium on corn crops per square meter was 14.20, but zero on rice crops. The results also showed that there was a positive correlation between the rotation system of the rape and the degree of the disease. The incidence of this disease on corn crops was higher than that on rice crops. crop variety was also an important factor leading to the disease. No significant difference in occurrence of the disease among the three main cultivars was observed. In contrast, significant difference was observed in different areas.