不同杀线剂对小麦孢囊线虫病的防治效果

摘要

The cereal cyst nematode (CCN) has been widely distributed in wheat growing areas of 13 provinces in China. The fast spread of the disease can threaten the food production and economic security of China. Therefore, the systematic control studies are urgently needed. The control efficacy of 3 different usages from 5 granular nematicides (GR) with efficient components of aldicarb, carbofuran, cadusafos. Fenamiphos and abamectin were evaluated on CCN in wheat fields at regreening stage. The results showed that the numbers of cysts in soils collected from different treatments were clearly dropped after nematicide application. However, there was no significant difference in the adjusted cyst reduction rates between different nematicide treatments. Significant differences were demonstrated in wheat height, root weight and fresh plant weight between different treatments, and their yields were increased compared with the control. The adjusted cyst reduction rate from the treatment with 30 kg/hm2 of 0.5% abamectin GR was the highest at 55.13%, and wheat yield was increased by 18.54% compared with the control. The treatment with 60 kg/hm2 of 0.5% abamectin GR achieved the highest wheat growth at 59.32 cm compared with those from other treatments. Due to the inhibitory effects of 0.5% abamectin GR on nematode reproduction and promotive effects on wheat growth, the usage of 30 kg/hm2 was suggested for regreening fields heavily infested with CCN, which might decrease the yield loss caused by CCN to some extent.%小麦孢囊线虫病目前已在中国13个省(市区)的小麦种植区有发生与分布,其扩散与蔓延将直接威胁我国的粮食生产和经济安全,系统开展小麦孢囊线虫病的防治研究迫在眉睫.本文在大田条件下研究了5％涕灭威颗粒剂(aldicarb)、3％克百威颗粒剂(carbofuran)、5％硫线磷颗粒剂(cadusafos)、10％苯线磷颗粒剂(fenamiphos)和0.5％阿维菌素颗粒剂(abamectin)等5种杀线剂各3个不同剂量在小麦返青期使用对小麦孢囊线虫病的控制效果.结果表明,各药剂处理均对土壤中孢囊线虫的繁殖有明显的抑制作用,但各处理间的校正孢囊减退率差异并不显著；不同药剂处理后的小麦株高、单株根重和单株鲜重均优于对照,且小麦产量与对照相比均有增加.其中0.5％阿维菌素颗粒剂 30 kg/hm2处理后的校正孢囊减退率最大值为55.13％,且增产效果最好,增产率为18.54％;而0.5％阿维菌素颗粒剂60 kg/hm2处理后小麦株高平均值最大,为59.32 cm,促进植物生长的效果明显.由于0.5％阿维菌素颗粒剂能够明显抑制土壤中孢囊线虫的繁殖,同时促进植株生长并减少产量损失,因此,在小麦孢囊线虫重病田于小麦返青期施用0.5％阿维菌素颗粒剂30 kg/hm2进行土壤处理,可在一定程度上减轻小麦孢囊线虫造成的损失.