山西枣黑顶病致病因素分析

摘要

为了探明枣黑顶病的致病因素,在山西省晋中枣区选取5个有代表性的枣园,调查了枣黑顶病发病规律,对病果上的病原菌进行了分离与回接试验,测定了发病枣树的枣叶、枣果氟含量及大气的氟含量,并进行了氟化物浸果诱导黑顶病试验.结果表明:枣黑顶病的发病规律与普通侵染性病害不同；枣黑顶病在枣果膨大期、白熟期和成熟期均可发病,从黑顶病痛果中分离到6种真菌,对这些病原菌进行回接试验,均未诱导出与黑顶病相似的症状；枣黑顶病发病率与大气氟含量、枣叶片含氟量、枣果含氟量呈正相关关系；用氟化氢溶液也成功地诱导出枣黑顶病.说明氟污染是枣黑顶病的主要病因.%The pathogenic factors of jujube black tip disease were analysed in this study. Five jujube gardens in Jinzhong of Shanxi Province were chosen for investigating occurrence, pathogen separation and inoculation tests. Fluoride contents in jujube leaves, fruits and atmosphere were also determined. Moreover, fluoride induction on fruits was conducted outdoors. The results showed that the occurrence of jujube black tip disease was different from infective disease;Jujube black tip disease appeared during fruit expanding period, white maturity period and maturity period. Six fungi were separated from diseased fruits. But all of these didn't induce similar symptoms when they were inoculated on healthy fruits. Fluoride concentration in atmosphere was positively correlated with fluoride content in jujube leaves, fruits and the incidence of jujube black tip disease. Black tip disease was also induced on healthy fruits by hydrogen fluoride, indicating that fluoride pollution is the main reason causing jujube black tip disease.