川西北草原高原鼢鼠种群季节性特征与分布特点

摘要

高原鼢鼠近年来在川西北地区危害严重.本研究于2008年和2010年在四川省壤塘县调查了春季和秋季高原鼢鼠种群特征与分布特点.结果表明,秋季土丘数量和鼢鼠密度显著高于春季,但两季节间土丘系数(鼢鼠数量/土丘数量)并无显著差异；土丘数量与海拔高度呈现显著正相关关系,与地形则不相关；与平地相比坡地土丘数量相当,但覆盖度更大；种群性比偏雌,形态指标出现性别和季节差异.这表明,虽然鼢鼠种群具有明显的季节性波动,但土丘数量可以比较准确地反映种群大小；高原鼢鼠对高海拔栖息地具有明显的选择偏好,其活动与栖息地植被间可能具有促进关系.总之,鼢鼠活动对草地植被的影响比较复杂,对川西北草地的保护策略应从控制鼢鼠数量与减少人类干扰两个方面进行.%In recent years,the number of plateau zokor has been increasing,which caused serious damage in Sichuan northwest prairie.We surveyed the population of plateau zokor in Rangtang County in 2008 and 2010,and then compared and analyzed the seasonal variations of their activity and population characteristics between spring and autumn.Our results showed that there were more zokors and mounds in autumn than in spring,but no significant seasonal difference was detected in mound coefficient; mound amount was positively correlated with altitude,but not correlated with flat or slope; the cover degree of mounds was higher in slope than those in flat; the sex ratio of population was female-biased; obvious gender and seasonal differences were observed.These results indicated that the amount of mound could reflect the population size of zokor despite of seasonal fluctuations; moreover,zokors tended to inhabit in higher-latitude region and there was positive correlation between its activity and vegetation of habitat.Therefore,the relationships between zokor activity and vegetation succession were very complex,and the protection strategy should be focused on both controlling zokor quantity and reducing human intervention.