为科学有效控制花生田蛴螬为害,通过田间小区试验比较了吡虫啉十辛硫磷颗粒剂、3％辛硫磷颗粒剂、30％毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂、60％吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂、60％吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂+5％氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、6％毒·辛颗粒剂、5％二嗪磷颗粒剂、苏云金杆菌(Bt)制剂8种杀虫剂对花生蛴螬的防治效果及对花生的安全性.结果表明:播种期施用的吡虫啉十辛硫磷颗粒剂(沟施)、3％辛硫磷颗粒剂(拌种)、30％毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂(拌种)、60％吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂、60％吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂+5％氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂机械包衣对花生出苗率没有影响,以上5种药剂对蛴螬的防治效果与保果效果分别为62.5％～85.4％和45.4％～60.7％,显著高于开花下针期施用的6％毒·辛颗粒剂和5％二嗪磷颗粒剂；首次使用苏云金杆菌工程菌株3A-SU4灌根防治暗黑齿爪鳃金龟幼虫,防虫效果和保果效果分别为53.9％和31.2％,与6％毒·辛颗粒剂和5％二嗪磷颗粒剂药效相当.各处理对花生均有不同程度的增产效果,为2.4％～21％,其中30％毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂拌种增产效果最高.收获后采用气相色谱或高效液相色谱方法对土壤和花生中的农药残留进行检测,结果表明各药剂在花生荚果中的残留量均低于日本肯定列表和中国限量要求,可以在花生上安全使用.%In order to scientifically and effectively control peanut white grub,field control experiments of 8 insecticides,including imidacloprid-phoxim GR,3％ phoxim GR,30％ chlorpyrifos CS,60％ imidacloprid FS,60％ imidacloprid FS + 5％ chlorantraniliprole SC,6％ chlorpyrifos-phoxim GR,5％ diazinon GR and Bacillus thuringiensis preparation,and safety assessment for their use on peanut were conducted.The results indicated that the 5 pesticides imidacloprid-phoxim GR,3％ phoxim GR,30％ chlorpyrifos CS,60％ imidacloprid FS,60％ imidacloprid FS+5％ chlorantraniliprole SC used during sowing time had no effects on emergence rate of peanut seedlings; their control efficiencies were 62.5％-85.4％,and the fruit-protecting effects were 45.4％-60.7％,significantly greater than those of 6％ chlorpyrifos-phoxim GR and 5％ diazinon GR applied during pegging stage of peanut.Biological control of Holotrichia parallela larvae with the strain 3A-SU4 of B.thuringiensis was carried out for the first time and its effects of control and fruit-protecting were 53.9％ and 31.2％,respectively,with no significant differences from those of 6％ chlorpyrifos-phoxim GR and 5％ diazinon GR.All treatments had yieldincreasing effects in a range of 2.4％-21％,among which 30％ chlorpyrifos CS had the best effect.Determination of pesticide residue in soil and peanut was performed by HPLC or gas chromatography and the results showed that residual amount met the requirements of MRL of China and Japan.
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