不同药用植物提取液对大豆孢囊线虫的控制作用

摘要

为寻找新型植物源杀线虫活性物质，研究了8种植物甲醇和无菌水提取液对大豆孢囊线虫2龄幼虫(J2)的室内杀虫活性和对孢囊的田间抑制效果。结果表明，薄荷、苦楝、臭椿、水蓼、商陆、青蒿等6种植物甲醇提取液处理48 h 后大豆孢囊线虫 J2的校正死亡率在75%以上，无菌水提取液处理48 h 后 J2的校正死亡率在55%以上，对大豆孢囊线虫具有较强的毒杀活性。温室盆栽试验表明，臭椿、水蓼的甲醇提取液处理后，大豆孢囊线虫的孢囊减退率分别为40.6%、52.0%，显著高于其他提取液的防治效果，表明臭椿、水蓼可用于大豆孢囊线虫的防治。研究结果将为大豆孢囊线虫生物防治提供新的途径。%In order to find new botanical pesticides,effects of eight plant extracts from methanol or water on Heterodera glycines were investigated by bioassay and pot test.The results showed that the mortality of J2 by methanol extract from Mentha haplocalyx Briq.,Melia azedarace L.,Ailanthus altissima (Mill.)Swingle,Polygonum hydropiper L.,Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.,Artemisia annua L.was above 75%,and the mortality of J2 by water extract from these six plants was above 55% after 48 h,which indicated that these extracts were toxic to J2 of H .glycines .Pot test showed that the control efficacy of methanol extracts from A.altissima and P .hydropiper were 40.6%,52.0%,respectively,significantly higher than that of other tested plant extracts.It is expected that A.altissima and P .hydropiper may be used to control H .glycines .