青海省枸杞林病虫害及其天敌昆虫种类调查

摘要

In order to confirm the objects of pest control in Chinese wolfberry trees in Qinghai Province,insect pests and diseases and their natural enemies,and occurrence dynamics of the main diseases and insect pests were investigated in Lycium woods from 2009 to 2016.The results showed that there were 7 species of diseases,34 species of insect pests,and 32 species of natural enemy insects in Lycium woods.The main pathogens were Arthrocladiella mougeotii var.polysporae,Fusarium sp.,dry-hot wind,and the frost.Meanwhile,thirty-four species of insect pests belonging to 2 class of Arthropod,and 7 orders in 18 families were collected from Lycium woods in Qinghai,in which the dominant species were Aphis gossypii,Aceria pallida,Paratrioza sinica and Scythris buszkoi, They all caused serious damage to Lycium trees at present.Plodia interpunctella was the important storage pest on Chinese wolfberry dried fruit (black fruit and red fruit).The dominant natural enemy insects were Hippodamia variegate and Chrysopa formosa for aphids,Enderus sp.for gall mites,and Formica lemani for Paratrioza sinica.%本文于2009-2016年调查了青海省天然枸杞林和栽培枸杞林病虫害及其天敌昆虫种类和主要病虫害发生规律.在当地枸杞林有害虫34种,病害7种,天敌昆虫32种.对栽培红果枸杞生产造成较大影响的病害有:枸杞白粉病、根腐病、干热风害和霜冻害.34种枸杞害虫隶属于节肢动物2纲7目18科,栽培红果枸杞的主要害虫有棉蚜、白枸杞瘤瘿螨、枸杞木虱、枸杞绢蛾;天然枸杞林重要病虫有枸杞绢蛾、白枸杞瘤瘿螨和枸杞白粉病.黑果枸杞主要病虫仅有2种,枸杞瘤瘿螨和枸杞白粉病.枸杞干果(黑果枸杞和红果枸杞)的重要仓储害虫是印度谷斑螟.枸杞蚜虫类的主要天敌昆虫为瓢虫类和丽草蛉,枸杞瘘螨类的主要天敌昆虫是枸杞瘿螨姬小蜂,构杞木虱的优势天敌为莱曼氏蚁.