短时低温对柑橘大实蝇1～4级蛹恒温代价的弥补效应

摘要

柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax (Enderlein)为我国重要的柑橘类害虫.为了解短时低温对柑橘大实蝇1～4级蛹恒高温代价的弥补效应,以25℃恒高温为基础,研究了相对低温10、15、20℃短时(2、4、8 h)变温处理柑橘大实蝇1～4级蛹后其成虫羽化情况.相对于恒温25℃,经15℃和20℃短时(2～8 h)变温处理1级蛹后成虫羽化增长率为14％～47％,经10℃和15℃短时(2、4、8 h)变温和20℃短时(4 h)变温处理2～3级蛹后成虫羽化增长率为2％～45％,经10、15℃和20℃短时(2、4、8 h)变温处理4级蛹后成虫羽化增长率为28％～46％,均表现为正增长,产生了恒温代价弥补正效应.4级蛹经10、15、20℃变温处理2h和8h,对其恒温代价弥补正效应均较2～3级蛹的大.总之,特定时长低温对特定蛹级产生恒温弥补正效应,不同蛹级间效应有差异.本研究结果为室内柑橘大实蝇保存,及春季快速回暖或田间倒春寒情况下柑橘大实蝇种群动态的预测预报提供依据.%Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) is an important citrus pest in southern China.To demonstrate the recovery effects on constant temperature cost of the 1st-4th stage pupae of B.minax,the pupae were exposed to a series of lower temperatures (10℃,15℃,20℃,based on constant temperature of 25℃) for 2 h,4 h and 8 h and the adult eclosion was observed.The results showed that the eclosion growth rate was 14％-47％ when the 1st stage pupae were exposed to 15℃or 20℃ for 2 h,4 h and 8 h,while it was 2％-45％ when the 2nd-3rd stage pupae were exposed to 10℃ or 15℃ for 2 h,4 h and 8 h and 20℃ for 4 h;it was 28％-46％ when the 4th-stage pupae were exposed to 10℃,15℃ or 20℃ for 2 h,4 h,8 h,with a positive growth.It indicated that there were recovery effects on the constant temperature cost.The recovery effect of the 4th-stage pupae exposed to 10℃,15℃ and 20℃ for 2 h and 8 h was significantly higher than those of the 2nd-3rd stage pupae.It was concluded that the pupae at certain stages exposed to exact lower temperatures with particular exposure time could produce recovery effects on constant temperature cost and there was significant recovery difference between pupae of different stages.The results could provide reference for the preservation of B.minax pupae in the laboratory and adult population forecasting in the field with rapid warm-up in early spring or cold spell in later spring.