几种中药提取物对二斑叶螨的生物活性及其对主要解毒代谢酶活性的影响

摘要

用3种不同有机溶剂对蛇床子Cnidium monnieri、白头翁Pulsatilla chinensis、百部Stemona japonica、半夏Pinellia ternata、紫丁香Syringa oblate进行了提取,获得15种植物粗提物,并采用玻片浸渍法对二斑叶螨进行室内药效测定.结果表明,当各粗提物浓度为5.00 mg/mL时,蛇床子丙酮提取物A-SCZ和蛇床子氯仿提取物C-SCZ在处理24 h后,二斑叶螨的校正死亡率为100％,具较好的杀螨活性.室内毒力试验表明,A-SCZ、C-SCZ、百部乙醇提取物E-BB、白头翁乙醇提取物E-BTW、白头翁氯仿提取物C-BTW对二斑叶螨的LC50分别为2.68、1.68、4.14、11.91、5.93 mg/mL.测定施药后4h和24 h二斑叶螨体内乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)、羧酸酯酶(CarE)、酸性磷酸酯酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酯酶(ALP)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)、多功能氧化酶(MFOs)等解毒代谢酶的活力变化情况,结果表明,白头翁、紫丁香、蛇床子的活性成分主要抑制二斑叶螨体内AchE、GSTs、ACP和CarE而发挥杀螨作用,而百部粗提物主要抑制的是害螨体内GSTs和MFO.A-SCZ、C-SCZ提取率达19.83％和21.62％,表明这两种中药提取物有较高的提取率和杀螨活性,具有很大的开发潜力.%The miticidal activity of 15 kinds of crude extracts from five Chinese medicines,including Cnidium monnieri,Pulsatilla chinensis,Stemona japonica,Pinellia ternata and Syringa oblate by three different solvents were determined against Tetranychus urticae by using the slide-dip method.The bioassay results showed that the corrected death rate of T.urticae was 100％ at 24 h after treated with 5.00 mg/mL acetone-C,monnieri (A-SCZ) and chloroform-C,monnieri (C-SCZ),which showed a good miticidal activity.The virulence of acetoneC.monnieri (A-SCZ),chloroform-C,monnieri (C-SCZ),ethanol-S,japonica (E-BB),ethanol-P,chinensis (E-BTW) and chloroform-P,chinensis (C-BTW) crude extracts against T.urticae was measured.The results showed that the LC50values were 2.68 mg/mL,1.68 mg/mL,4.14 mg/mL,11.91 mg/mL,5.93 mg/mL,respectively.The activities of acetylcholinesterase,carboxylic acid esterase,acid phosphatase,alkaline phosphatase,glutathione S-transferase,multi-function oxidase of T.urticae were determined at 4 h and 24 h after application of the extracts.The results showed that the active ingredients of P.chinensis,S.oblate,and C.monnieri inhibited acetylcholinesterase,glutathione S-transferase,phosphatase and carboxylesterase of T.urticae,but S.japonica inhibited glutathione S-transferase and multi-function oxidase of T.urticae.The extraction rates of acetoneC.monnieri (A-SCZ) and chloroform-C,monnieri (C-SCZ) were 19.83％ and 21.62％,respectively.Because of the high extraction rate and high acaricidal activity,these two crude extracts have great potential for development.