超声波协同加强剂对重油低温裂解降黏过程的影响

摘要

Ultrasonic was applied with viscosity reduction intensifier to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil under the conditions of not adding water.The SARA of heavy oil before and after treatment was analyzed.The effect of intensifier concentration,reaction time and ultrasonic power on the viscosity reduction of heavy oil was studied.The changes in viscosity and flow property of heavy oil before and after treatment and the recovery of viscosity were analyzed by MCR 302 rheometer.The infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography was used to analysis the structure changes.The experimental results show that the intensifier concentration has the biggest effect on viscosity reduction of heavy oil,followed by reaction time and ultrasonic power.The higher the intensifier concentration,the better the effect for viscosity reduction.With the increase of the treatment time and ultrasonic power,the effect for viscosity reduction increases and then decreases slightly.There is a synergistic effect between ultrasonic and intensifier for the process,which leads to chain scission of long chain macromolecules,aromatic rings and other heteroatoms,hydrogenation and ring opening reactions.The combination use of ultrasonic and intensifier can reduce the viscosity of heavy oil under normal temperature conditions,improve the flow properties and the quality of heavy oil.%以重油为研究对象,在不加水的条件下,利用超声波协同加强剂裂解降黏,分析了重油处理前后四组分组成的变化情况.考察了加强剂浓度、处理时间和超声功率对重油降黏效果的影响,分析了处理前后重油黏度和流动性能的变化,并对重油黏度恢复情况进行了测试分析,同时采用红外光谱和气相色谱分析了处理前后重油的结构变化.结果表明:加强剂浓度对降黏效果影响最大,其次为处理时间和超声功率;加强剂浓度越大,降黏效果越好;随处理时间和超声功率的增大,降黏率先增加后略微下降;超声波与加强剂具有协同效应,使重油中长链大分子、芳环和杂原子发生断链、加氢、开环等系列反应,能够在常温条件下降低重油黏度,改善流动性能,显著提高重油品质.