储层表征技术及应用进展

摘要

Recently, the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources have obtained a great breakthrough, which expanded research and promoted the technique innovation of reservoir study. Conse-quently, from conventional-scale to nano-scale pores, low to extra-low porosity and permeability, the understand-ing of reservoir pore structure, porosity and permeability continues to deepen. Various reservoir characterizations were introduced and compared. On the basis of pore structure and porosity-permeability characteristics, reservoirs were classified into four kinds:macro to medium-pore and high permeability reservoirs, micro-pore and low per-meability reservoirs, nano-pore and ultra-low permeability reservoirs, and compound pore reservoirs. The advan-tages, disadvantages and applications of each characterization method were discussed, and some combined methods applicable to different types of reservoirs were also presented. A divisional-layered characterization tech-nique was put forward to deal with compound pore reservoirs. In addition, the application in pore genesis, filling material, and surface structure of internal walls of pore were discussed. Thus, the research on reservoir extended from the structure level to the genesis level, providing references for more comprehensive understanding.%近年来,非常规油气勘探开发取得重大突破,大大拓展了储层研究内容,有力推动了储层研究方法的创新.对储层孔隙结构和孔渗特征的认识因新技术的应用而拓展,从常规尺度到纳米级孔隙,从低孔低渗到超低渗储层.文章在介绍和比较孔隙表征的多种方法基础上,根据孔隙结构和储渗特征将储层分为大—中孔高渗储层、微孔低渗储层、纳米孔超低渗储层和复合型孔隙储层4类,并针对不同类型的储层探讨了各个表征方法的优缺点和有效范围,提出了适用于不同类型储层的表征方法组合,针对复合型孔隙储层提出了分区—分层表征技术.此外,文章还探讨了这些表征技术在孔隙成因、孔隙内壁表面结构、充填物特征等研究方面的应用,将储层表征技术从储层品质研究延伸到成因研究,为更加全面综合认识和评价储层提供参考.