上扬子区下寒武统富有机质页岩沉积环境及其对有机质含量的影响

摘要

Rock samples from 3 typical Lower Cambrian outcrops in the Upper Yangtze have been collected to test the content of total organic carbon ( TOC) as well as major elements and trace elements. The characteristics of primary productivity and redox in the Early Cambrian, and their effect on organic enrichment were analyzed. In stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ, the shallow shelf was anoxic and ferruginous with a high primary productivity; the deep shelf was anoxic and sulphate rich with a low primary productivity;and the slope-basin where upwelling brought mas-sive nutrients was anoxic and ferruginous with an extremely high primary productivity. In stageⅢ, the shelf was changed to oxic communicating well with the open sea and decreasing the preservation of organic matter. Although the slope-basin became oxic-suboxic in this stage, the primary productivity was high enough to prevent organic matter from complete aerobic degradation before it was buried. In general, organic-rich shale in the shelf which was deposited in a reducing environment was controlled by in the Eh at the bottom;organic-rich shale in slope-basin with a higher TOC content was controlled by primary productivity as well as the sedimentary environment. Organic-rich shale of the Lower Cambrian deposited on the shelf and in the slope-deep basin would be a target layer for shale gas exploration and exploitation.%选取上扬子区3个下寒武统地层剖面,对岩石样品进行了有机碳含量和主、微量元素测试,结合前人研究成果,分析了早寒武世不同沉积阶段生物初级生产力及氧化还原条件的变化特征,及其对有机质富集的影响.结果表明:第Ⅰ-Ⅱ阶段,浅水陆棚以缺氧铁化海水为主,具有较高的初级生产力;深水陆棚为缺氧硫化环境,生物初级生产力较低;斜坡—盆地区为缺氧铁化环境且上升洋流带来大量营养物质,生物初级生产力最高.第Ⅲ阶段,陆棚区与开阔海沟通良好,为氧化环境,有机质难以有效保存;斜坡—盆地区演化为氧化—贫氧环境,由于初级生产力依然很高,大量有机质在氧化分解之前快速堆积埋藏而形成有效烃源岩.总体而言,陆棚区富有机质页岩主要受海水氧化还原条件控制,有机质在还原环境中更易保存;斜坡—盆地区富有机质页岩中有机质含量主要受生物初级生产力和沉积环境控制,相同沉积条件下,有机质丰度相较于陆棚区更高.下寒武统富有机质页岩是页岩气勘探开发的有利层系,有机质含量可影响页岩中的含气量,因此发育的陆棚及斜坡—盆地相页岩是页岩气勘探开发的层位.