海南清澜港水母暴发期间浮游生物生态特征研究

摘要

During Rhopilema hispidum bloom in May 2011, a study was conducted on variation of nutrients and plankton community structure in Qinglan port of Hainan from Dec. 2010 to May 2011. A total of 111 phytoplankton taxa and 36 zooplankton species were identified in the present study. The density of phytoplankton was （2.25×10^4）～（8.19×10^8）cells/L and zooplankton was 19.39--25798.74ind/L. Diatom and Copepoda species were the most common organisms in Qinglan port. The results indicated that the dominant community of plankton was Skeletonema tropicum and Copepoda during jel- lyfish bloom. To some extent, the culture rafts provided substrate on which benthic polyps may form large colonies and plankton provided enough food are the causes of jellyfish bloom.%自2010年12月-2011年5月，调查研究了海南清澜港海域的浮游生物群落特征，重点跟踪监测了2011年5月黄斑海蜇（Rhopilemahispidum）暴发期间海水营养盐水平及浮游生物群落结构变化。通过样品分析，共鉴定出浮游植物111种（变种和变型），细胞密度范围为（2．25×10^4）～（8．19×10^8）cells／L，浮游动物36种，丰度范围为19．39--25798．74ind／L，其中浮游动物以桡足类为优势种群，浮游植物以硅藻为主要优势种。在水母暴发期间浮游植物以热带骨条藻（Skeletonematropieum）为主，浮游动物以桡足类为主。清澜港养殖区为水母水螅体提供生长发育的环境和水母暴发前期浮游植物大量增殖，为浮游动物提供充足的食物，在一定程度上促进了水母的暴发。