在运用3S技术对世界自然文化和文化遗产地——武夷山风景名胜区进行景观生态分类的基础上,比较分析了风景区1986、1997、2009年三个关键时期的景观要素、空间格局及其演变规律,揭示了武夷山风景名胜区不同发展阶段景观格局变化特征,进一步探讨了导致格局演变的驱动机制.结果表明:①近23年来,风景区茶园、建设用地大面积持续增加,马尾松林、农田、裸地大面积减少；②1986-1997年,马尾松向茶园、农田向建设用地、杉木林向茶园转移面积居前三位,分别为294.80 hm2、176.73 hm2、152.68 hm2；茶园面积增加量最大(增加了577.93hm2),建设用地次之(增加了358.73 hm2),杉木林面积减少量最多(减少了431.87 hm2),农田次之(减少了248.01hm2);此阶段茶园只为输入景观,风景区景观变幅大,受人为干扰特别显著.③1997-2009年,杉木林向茶园、农田向茶园、灌草层向马尾松林转移面积居前三位,分别为280.82 hm2、96.65 hm2、76.15 hm2;此期间茶园增加面积最多(增加了360.81 hm2),农田面积减少最多(减少了318.87 hm2)；该阶段景观变化幅度较1986-1997年减小,人为干扰有所减弱.④23年来不同景观类型特征及其变化各异,主要表现为农田破碎度增加,建设用地趋于规则化,茶园受到干扰显著,河流景观形状最为复杂且受干扰小；景观多样性程度提高,景观类型空间分布呈均匀化趋势.⑤自然环境的制约作用、经济利益驱动下的生产行为模式转变、人口和旅游发展带来的开发建设、政策法规和管理的导向作用等是武夷山风景名胜区景观格局演变的主要驱动原因.%Based on 3S technology to perform landscape ecology classification for the World Natural and Cultural Heritage site--Wuyishan Scenery District, characteristics of landscape element and spatial pattern and its succession rules in 1986, 1997 and 2009 were done a comparative analysis. The change characteristics of landscape pattern during three different periods had been revealed, and the paper further discussed the driving mechanism causing the evolution of landscape. The results showed that; (J)The area of tea garden and construction land presented an increasing trend whereas Pinus massoniana forest, farmland and bare land decreasePinits massoniana forest to tea garden, from farmland to construction land, from Cunninghamia lanceolata forest to tea garden were respectively 294. 80 hm2, 176. 73 hm2 and 152. 68 hm2 from 1986 to 1997. The tea garden increased by 577. 93 hm2 and construction land came second whereas Cunninghamia lanceolata forest decreased by 431. 87 hm2 most and farmland came the second decreasing one. It was showed that for this period tea garden was input landscape type and landscape changed in a wide range was attributed by the main role of human activity. (3)The area diverted from Cunninghamia lanceolata forest to tea garden, from farmland to tea garden and from shrub to Pinus massoniana forest became the first three places were respectively 280. 82 hm2, 96. 65 hm2 and 76. 15 hm2 from 1997 to 2009. In this stage, tea garden showed the most rising trend with increasing 360. 81 hm whereas farmland reduced by 318. 87 hm2. The change amplitude for this period relatively increased was the impact of diminished human factors. (4) In past 23 years, landscape type was characteristic of different trait and change. Fragmentation of farmland continued to increase. Construction land tends to a more ruler, and interference of tea garden was remarkable. The river has a most complex shape with the little interference. The landscape diversity was increased and landscape spacial distribution had a uniformity trend. ?The main reasons causing the landscape succession in Wuyishan Scenery District came from four aspects; the restrictive function of the natural environment, the behavior pattern change causing by the driving of economy profit, development construction causing by the tourism development and population growth, and the orientation function of laws and regulations and management.
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