三峡库区(重庆段)生态屏障带土地利用冲突演变特征分析

摘要

近年来,飞速发展的城市化除带来经济的持续增长同时,土地利用冲突已逐渐影响到区域的可持续发展.本文构建了土地利用"类型-格局-过程"冲突的测度指数,以三峡库区(重庆段)生态屏障带为研究区,分析了从2000至2015年的土地利用冲突演变,结果表明:(1)土地利用类型冲突空间分异明显.从2000至2015年类型冲突指数值升高,冲突程度加剧,空间上呈都市核心和都市拓展区严重渝东北(南)轻度的分异特征.(2)土地利用格局冲突中建设空间和生态空间破碎度指数增长较快且空间分异显著.建设空间破碎度指数表现为渝东北(南)高都市区低,而农用空间和生态空间破碎度指数则刚好相反,即渝东北(南)低都市区高.(3)土地利用过程冲突空间分异同样明显.主要表现为都市区程度加剧,城市发展新区、渝东北和渝东南程度一般.(4)总体而言,从2000年至2015年研究区土地利用冲突程度加重,并且空间分异明显需制定不同的土地相关政策.都市区建设用地的不断拓展使其土地利用冲突程度严重,需对该区城市建设方面挖掘更协调的开发模式;作为都市区的外延区,城市发展新区具备了足够可供开发的建设空间和潜力,可缓解都市区日益加剧的土地利用冲突;渝东北生态涵养区和渝东南生态保护区的土地利用冲突程度整体可控,但城市建设区和自然保护区存在一定冲突,必须切实加强空间管控和对策.其不同区域的土地利用冲突特征结果可为未来土地资源空间优化、城市建设和区域可持续发展提供科学依据.%In recent years,the urbanization process of China has rapidly increased,and the resulting land use conflicts have gradually affected sustainable regional development. In this paper,indices for the type-pattern-process conflicts over land use were established,and then a ecological barrier zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir area( Chongqing Section)was taken as the study area,and the evolution of land use conflicts from 2000 to 2015 was analyzed. The results showed that:(1)the conflicts over the spatial differentiation of land use type was obvious. From 2000 to 2015,the index of land use type continued to increase,which symbolized that the conflict had intensified. Spatially,there was a significant conflict between the urban core and the urban expansion area but a mild conflict in northeastern(southern)Chongqing.(2)In the conflict over land use patterns,the fragmentation index of construction space and ecological space had rapidly increased with a significant spatial differentiation. The fragmentation index of construction space was high in northeastern( southern)Chongqing but low in the urban areas,while the fragmentation index of agricultural space and ecological space was just the opposite—low in northeastern(southern)Chongqing but high in the urban areas.(3)The spatial differentiation in the conflict over land use processes was also obvious and was mainly manifested as intensified differentiation in the urban areas,and moderate differentiation in the new urban development area of northeastern Chongqing and southeastern Chongqing. (4)In general,land use conflicts in the study area were aggravated from 2000 to 2015,and obvious spatial differentiation required the formation of different land-related policies. The expansion of construction land in urban areas led to serious land use conflicts;therefore,it was necessary to explore more coordinated development models for construction within the urban areas. As an extension of the urban areas,the new urban development area had sufficient construction space and development potential,which could alleviate the increasingly intense land use conflicts in those areas. As a whole,the land use conflicts in the ecological conservation area in northeastern Chongqing and the ecological protection area in southeastern Chongqing were also controllable;however,there were specific conflicts between the urban construction area and the nature reserve area,which required improvement to spatial management and control. The characteristics of land use conflicts within different areas could provide a scientific basis for the spatial optimization of land resources, urban construction, and regional sustainable development in the future.