两批危重烧伤患者转入院后的早期救治体会

摘要

目的本文介绍2批共13例危重烧伤病人,伤后3～4天经长途转运至我科的早期救治体会.方法 2001年6月27日和2002年6月9日先后收治两批13例伤后3～4天经长途转运入院的烧伤患者,男性4例,女性9例,年龄20～43岁,平均31.1±6.2岁,烧伤总面积74.3%±24.7%,Ⅲ度面积53.7%±31.2%.其中,特重度烧伤10例,烧伤总面积86.0±11.5%,Ⅲ度面63.9±26.3%,合并有重度吸入性损伤4例,中度吸入性损伤6例;重度烧伤3例,烧伤总面积35.3%±10.0%,Ⅲ度面积15.3%±5.0%,均合并有中度吸入性损伤.13例患者都已气管切开,四肢或胸腹部切开减张.13例患者中,有的高热或体温不升;有的心率、呼吸增快;有的腹胀或肠鸣音消失;有的白细胞、血小板低下.13例患者均有不同程度的肝、肾功能、心肌酶和凝血功能异常.结果除2例伤前分别患有心肌炎、慢性肝炎的危重烧伤患者,最终因心肌炎于伤后29天,肝功能衰竭于伤后45天死亡外,其余11例患者全部救治成功.结论成批烧伤转入院后的特点是,伤情重,并发症多,救治难度大.严密组织,责任明确;救治力量前伸机场;入院过程中尽快确定伤情;尽快处理危及生命的并发症;综合治疗措施得当、及时是挽救病人生命的先决条件;重视代谢和凝血功能的调理是后续治疗的重要组成部分.%This paper is to introduce our experiences in treating 2 batches of 13 burn victims transferred from remote areas on postburn days 3 and 4. Methods Thirteen burn victims of 2 mass casualties were transferred to our burns institute from remote areas on postburn days 3 and 4 on June 27, 2001 and June 2, 2002, respectively. There were 4 males and 9 females, age ranged from 20 to 43 years, with a mean age of 31.1±6.2 years. The mean total burn area was 74.3%±24.7% TBSA (range, 25% to 97%). Among them, 10 patients suffered from serious burn with mean total burn area involving 86.0%±11.5% TBSA (range, 60% to 97%), and mean full-thickness burn of 63.9%±26.3% TBSA. Four patients also manifested signs of severe inhalation injury, and 6 patients with moderate inhalation injury. In three patients with mean total burn area covering 35.5%±10.0% TBSA (range, 25% to 45%), with mean full-thickness burn of 15.3%±5.0%, were al having moderate inhalation injuries. Among these 13 patients, 3 were having high body temperature (39℃), while 3 manifested hypothermia. The heart rate was 140-160/min, and respiratory rate 26 to 32/min in 6 patients. Abdominal distension or loss of bowel sound were found in 4 patients. Low white cell and platelet count were found in some patients. In 13 cases, liver function, renal function, myocardiac enzyme, and coagulation function were abnormal. Results Among 13 burn victims, one patient died of myocarditis on postburn day 29, and another one died of hepatic failure (history of chronic hepatitis B) on postburn day 45 with only 2% TBSA of burn wound remained open. Conclusion Burns victims occurred in mass casualties who were transferred from remote areas to our Burns Institute were all in critical condition, usually with multiple complications, demanding most meticulous care. Our strategies in this regard consisted of dispatch of experienced surgeons and nurses to the referring hospitals and the airport to receive the patients to offer appropriate care to them during the journey, organization of the medical staff so that each of them was ordained specific function, thus conditions of the patients were evaluated immediately and appropriate treatment started expeditiously for those lethal complications on arrival. Timely and exact comprehensive treatments were prerequisite to save the patients’ life. Adequate metabolic support should be emphasized, and coagulant of anticoagulant treatment should be carried out when indicated.