面向用户需求的产品设计理论

摘要

将用户需求分为物理/功能、生理/心理与主观情感3个层面,探讨了与每个需求层面相对应的设计活动。根据Kano模型,功能、人机、操作方面的需求可归为基本需求,而心理与情感方面的需求则可称为期望需求。分析了面向用户需求的产品设计理论的主要特点及实施过程,探讨了相关设计理论的发展趋势,指出用户在主观情感方面的需求。研究手段更多地尝试可量化的方法,产品设计过程中的理性与感性思维进一步融合。%The paper discusses user demands at three levels： physical/functional level,physiological/psychological level and subjective emotional level and then discusses their design activities that correspond to each user demand.According to the Kano model,the demands for function,human-machine and operation are basic,while the demands for psychology and emotion are attractive or exciting and the priorities for consideration in product design.On this basis,the paper reviews the emerging user demand-oriented product design theories,studies their main characteristics and implementation processes,and then discusses the developments of the relevant theories,pointing out that user demands for subjective emotions,especially aesthetic demands,will be the priorities for user demand study.Finally the paper points out that quantitative methods will be more extensively used and that the rational reasoning and affective thinking will be further merged during product design.