改进簇头选举的分层传感网络能量优化算法

摘要

在无线传感网络中,为解决树状拓扑结构中簇头竞选算法不合理而造成能耗不均匀的问题,设计了改进簇头选举的分层路由能量优化算法,即在簇头选举时分别对阈值公式、簇头竞选算法有所改进.其中,阈值公式以节点所剩能量、节点到Sink节点间距离以及能耗因子为基准;而在簇头竞选算法中增加候选簇头的成员个数这一参数,可避免成员个数较多的节点成为簇头的几率,从而平衡簇头的能耗.通过与经典的LEACH和EOUCR协议的成簇算法仿真对比表明:提出的算法可以更好地平衡簇头能量耗损,从整体上延长网络生存周期.%In order to solve the problem of uneven energy consumption caused by unreasonable cluster head election algorithm in the tree topology of wireless sensor networks,a routing algorithm for cluster head election based on energy optimization is presented.The threshold formula and the cluster head election algorithm of the cluster head election are improved.The threshold formula is derived based on the node residual energy,the spacing between the nodes to the Sink nodes,and energy consumption factor.The parameter of the number of the candidate cluster head members is added in the cluster head election algorithm,which can avoid the node with more members becoming the cluster head and balance the energy consumption of cluster head.Compared with the classical clustering algorithms of LEACH and EOUCR,the proposed algorithm can better balance the energy consumption of the cluster head,and prolong the overall network lifecycle.