动臂式塔机起重臂结构轻量化设计

摘要

针对动臂式塔机起重臂金属结构自重大、计算模型复杂等特点,借助APDL语言在ANSYS中建立起重臂结构的有限元优化分析模型,选择起重臂中应力相对集中的弦杆和连接杆作为优化对象,以起重臂重量最轻为优化目标,进行起重臂轻量化设计.优化后大部分杆件的截面尺寸较以前有所减小,起重臂质量减轻了15 699.6 N,占原起重臂重量的15.6％.优化后的起重臂最大应力由原来的206.33 MPa降低到174.63 MPa,垂向挠度由185.14 mm降到127.51 mm,结构应力分布比以前分布更加均匀,且在各种载荷工况下均满足强度、刚度约束条件,有效改进了起重臂设计,达到了轻量化的目标.%In view of the Luffing Jib tower crane jib metal structure self weight,complex calculation model etc.APDL language in ANSYS has been used to establish the model of finite element analysis of luffing boom structure optimization.With the lightest weight as the optimization goal,the stress relative concentration of the chord and connecting rod was selected as the optimization object for the lightweight design of jib.The optimized section size of most rods of the previous scheme was decreased,the jib mass quality was reduced 15699.6N about 15.6％ of the weight of the original jib.After optimization,the maximum stress of the jib was reduced from 206.33MPa to 174.63 MPa,the vertical deflection was reduced from 185.14 mm to 127.51 mm.As compare to the original scheme,the structural stress distribution of optimized scheme is more uniform.All the strength and stiffness constraints could be met under various load conditions,the design of jib has been effectively improved and the goal of lightweight has been achieved.