从物性角色看汉语供用句的句法语义特点∗

摘要

文章主要对供用句这类特殊的句式结构进行探讨，认为：供用句的形式具有多样性；语义具有非动态性；可以突显主语所指事物的属性特征；包含“供给”义和“使用”义。在此基础上对供用句所表达的语义进行总结。同时讨论供用句的形成机制问题，总体来看轻动词移位说、构式说、认知图示说和名词移位说等四种解释方案都有一定的价值，但都存在一些问题。进而主张从物性角色的角度来重新审视供用句的句法语义性质，指出主语名词物性角色中的功用角色与供用句中的动词具有高度的一致性，供用句的“供给”义和“使用”义的生成也与功用角色相关。%This paper discusses the special affordance sentence in Chinese,and argues that it is with various forms,has non-dynamic meaning,highlights properties of the referent of its subject and contains the “providing”and “using”meaning.On this basis,the meaning of affordance sentence is summarized.After that,the formation mechanism of affordance sentence is discussed.On the whole, the explanations,which include light-verb movement,construction,cognitive schema and noun move-ment,have certain values,but also have some defects.Then,the perspective of qualia role to re-in-spect the syntax and semantic properties of affordance sentence is suggested.There is high degree of consistency of high degree between the telic role of the subject nouns and the verbs in affordance sen-tence.The generation of “providing”and “using”meaning is also related to the telic role.