Microlens array-based light-field imaging has been one of the most commonly used and effective technologies to record high-dimensional optical signals for developing various potential high-performance applications in many fields.However,the use of a microlens array generally suffers from an intrinsic trade-off between the spatial and angular resolutions.In this paper,we concentrate on exploiting a diffuser to explore a novel modality for light-field imaging.We demonstrate that the diffuser can efficiently angularly couple incident light rays into a detected image without needing any lens.To characterize and analyse this phenomenon,we establish a diffuser-encoding light-field transmission model,in which four-dimensional light fields are mapped into two-dimensional images via a transmission matrix describing the light propagation through the diffuser.Correspondingly,a calibration strategy is designed to flexibly determine the transmission matrix,so that light rays can be computationally decoupled from a detected image with adjustable spatio-angular resolutions,which are unshackled from the resolution limitation of the sensor.The proof-of-concept approach indicates the possibility of using scattering media for lensless four-dimensional light-field recording and processing,not just for two-or three-dimensional imaging.
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