高空环境对航空遥感器光学窗口的影响

摘要

In order to improve the optical performance of optical window, the influences of aerodynamic and atmospheric environment on optical window are analyzed. Based on the theory of aerodynamics, the Mach number and Reynolds number are calculated. The convection heat transfer coefficient on outer surface of optical window glass is calculated by the theory of longitudinally sweeping plan mural, the temperature distribution is simulated, and the influence of axial temperature difference on wave front error of optical window is analyzed. Based on several physical characteristics, the reason and result of defrost are discussed, and the solution which prevents defrost is put forward. The flight test result shows that the analysis conclusion is correct and the solution is appropriate. The study provides valuable reference for the optical window design.%为提高航空遥感器光学窗口的光学性能,从空气动力学环境和大气环境两个方面分析了高空环境对光学窗口的影响.根据空气动力学原理,计算出飞行马赫数和雷诺数,以确定光学窗口所处的飞行环境;依据纵掠平壁理论,计算出光学窗口外表面的平均对流换热系数,仿真光学窗口温度分布,分析了轴向温差对光学窗口的影响.分析高空大气环境下光学窗口玻璃出现结霜原因及影响,并提出预防结霜的解决方案.最后针对某航空遥感器光学窗口进行飞行试验,结果表明分析的结论正确,提出的解决方案合理可靠,可为其他航空光学窗口设计提供依据.