A new test method of atmospheric visibility is proposed. This scheme improves the traditional structure of the transmission-type instrument and the scattering-type instrument. It uses reflectors to achieve round-trip-type transmission measurement and it uses displacement regulator to achieve differential measurement of atmospheric extinction coefficient. By this way,the designed system has its distinctive advantages such as strong ability to resist contamination and adjustable sensitivity for different measurement. Detailed theoretical analysis of the system is made. At the same time,structure design,optic elements selection and accuracy estimation are also carried out. That lays the foundation for a practical project.%该方法改进了传统透射式仪和散射式仪的结构,利用反射镜构成开放气室实现了激光往返式透射法测量方案,运用位移调节器实现了差分测量大气消光系数.基于此方法设计的激光测量系统不仅兼容了透射法的测量原理和后向散射法的单端收发等优点,还具有抗环境污染能力强和测量灵敏度可调等独特优点.本文对该系统进行了详尽的理论分析,同时,还设计了传感器的结构,精选了性能指标优异的光学元件和估算了测量精度,为仪器的硬件实现提供了重要参考方案.
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