地基大口径望远镜主镜热控的设计原则及方式

摘要

All aspects of the design of the large ground-based telescope relate to thermal issues,and the effect of temper-ature on the telescope’s performance and stability has become increasingly evident with the increase of the telescope ap-erture.As a key optical component,the primary mirror has an important impact on the image quality of the telescope.In order to overcome image degrading induced by mirror seeing and mirror temperature gradient,it is very necessary and important to design a reasonable thermal control system for the telescope primary mirror.In this paper,referring to the foreign large-diameter ground-based telescope,the design principles of thermal control system of modern telescope’s pri-mary mirror are discussed in detail;the methods of primary mirror thermal control system are summarized.This provides a reference and guidance for the design of large-diameter telescope primary mirror thermal control in the future.%热问题贯穿了望远镜设计的各个方面，而且随着望远镜口径的增大，温度对望远镜的工作性能和稳定性的影响也越来越明显。望远镜的主镜作为望远镜系统中关键的光学元件，对望远镜的成像质量有着重要的影响，为了克服主镜视宁度对望远镜成像质量和望远镜主镜温度梯度导致的热变形对望远镜成像质量的影响，对望远镜主镜温度进行合理地控制显得十分的必要和重要。本文结合国外大口径望远镜，详细论述了现代望远镜主镜热控的原则，总结了望远镜热控设计的方法，并进行了相应的探讨，为今后的大口径望远镜的主镜热控设计提供一定的参考价值。