不同基因型的鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性及体外黏附能力差异的研究

摘要

Objective To analyze the drug resistance characteristics and in vitro adhesion abilities of Acinetobacter baumannii with different genotypes, to provide the reference for further study on the relationship between the evolution of drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii and its adhesion ability change, and to guide infection prevention and control. Methods Pulsed field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE) was used to do molecular typing for 50 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from different inpatients in Inner Mongolia.In vitro adhesion abilities of Acinetobacter baumannii with different genotypes were detected by fibronectin adherence assay.Results The 50 isolates had 22 PFGE genotypes, among which A and E types were the advantageous types, and the rates were 22%(11 /50)and 24%(12/50), while the isolates with L type were resistant to all tested antibiotics, and the drug resistance of the isolates belonging to the remaining genotypes were significantly different.The isolates of A type were mainly isolated from 2 regions, Xing′an Meng and Chifeng City.The isolates of E type were all isolated from Hohhot.Fibronectin adherence assay showed that the isolates with G type and J type showed the highest in vitro adhesion ability, while the isolates with J type were sensitive to all tested antibiotics, and the isolates with D type showed the lowest in vitro adhesion ability, only being resistant to carbapenem.Conclusions The genotypes of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Inner Mongolia show diverse features, which seems to be specific with different districts.There is no significant correlation between the drug resistance acceleration of Acinetobacter baumannii and its in vitro adhesion abilities.%目的：对不同基因型鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药特征及体外黏附能力进行分析，为进一步阐明鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性变迁与其黏附能力变化之间的相关性及指导鲍曼不动杆菌感染防控和治疗提供试验依据。方法采用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）对从内蒙古不同地区住院患者体内分离的具有不同耐药性的50株鲍曼不动杆菌进行分子分型；采用纤维黏连蛋白黏附试验对不同基因型分离株的体外黏附能力进行检测。结果50株鲍曼不动杆菌共分为22个 PFGE 基因型，其中 A 和 E 型为优势型，分别占22％（11／50）和24％（12／50）；L 型对所有受试的抗菌药物均耐药，其余基因型耐药表型差异明显。从地区分布来看，A 型主要分布在兴安盟和赤峰市2个地区，而 E 型则分布在呼和浩特地区。体外黏附能力最强的菌株属于 G 型和 J 型，其中 J 型对所有抗菌药物均敏感；黏附能力最弱的菌株为 D 型，仅对碳青霉烯类药物敏感。结论内蒙古地区鲍曼不动杆菌的基因型呈现多样性，具有明显的地域分布特征，特定基因型菌株具有相同或相近的耐药特征。鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性的增加与其体外黏附能力未见明显相关性。