自制半自动血液推片机的改良及评价

摘要

目的：对前期在临床检验试用和教学中使用的自制半自动血液推片机进行改良，确定其主要工作参数，并对其制片效率和效果进行再评价，为示范推广奠定基础。方法根据前期应用的反馈，调整仪器软件程序和部分机械构造，并利用不同血细胞比容（Hct）的血液研究推片速度、Hct、载台下降时间3个参数的内在联系；改良后，分别利用该仪器和手工制作一定数量的血涂片，比较2类血涂片外观、血膜长度、红细胞单层长度以及镜下红细胞分散程度，并进行统计分析。结果推片机的推片速度与 Hct 和载台下降时间成反比，而 Hct与载台下降时间成正比；与改良前相比，该推片机制片效率显著提高；与手工制备的满意血涂片相比，该推片机制备的血涂片美观且厚薄适宜，血膜长度及单细胞层长度明显增加（P<0.05、P<0.01），镜下也显示红细胞分散程度更加均匀。此外，该仪器也能制作用于疟疾病原学检查的满意薄血膜。结论改良后的推片机性能进一步提升，并初步展现功能多样的优势，适合示范推广。%Objective To improve a homemade semiautomatic blood slide maker which has been used in pre-clinical test and teaching,to determine its main parameters,and to further assess efficiency. Methods According to the feedbacks of preliminary application,the instrument′s software program and a part of mechanical structure were adjusted,and then the intrinsic relationship of working speed,hematocrit(Hct)and slide stage dropping time was determined using blood samples with different Hct values. After improvement,a certain number of blood smears were made by hand and the blood slide maker,and these blood smears′appearance,blood film length,the single layer length of erythrocytes and the degree of erythrocyte dispersion under microscope were compared and analyzed. Results The working speed of blood slide maker was inversely proportional to Hct and slide stage dropping time,and the latter 2 parameters were proportional. Compared with the previous instrument,the efficiency had been significantly improved. The blood smears made by the blood slide maker showed good appearance and appropriate thickness, and the blood film length was longer than that made by hand(P < 0.05). The single layer length of erythrocytes also showed a significant increase compared with handmade blood smears(P < 0.01). Under microscope,blood smears made by the blood slide maker also showed uniform dispersion of erythrocytes. In addition,the improved instrument can also produce satisfactory thin blood films for malaria inspection. Conclusions After improvement, the performance was improved by the blood slide maker,and initially versatile advantages were displayed,and thus it is suitable for application.