Experiments were conducted on different fertilization in Castanea mollissima stands in Tonglu, Zhejiang province, with four treatments, including no fertilization, reducing fertilization, conventional fertilization and increment fertilization. The result showed that the biomass of soil microorganisms in the chestnut forest increased with fertilization within certain quantity. The number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were expressed as conventional fertilization > increment fertilization > reducing fertilization > no fertilization. The soil enzyme activity was significantly increased by fertilization, and the activities of sucrase, urease, phosphatase were expressed as increment fertilization > conventional fertilization > reducing fertilization > no fertilization. Different treated stands had no significant effect on single fruit weight. The average single fruit weight ranges from 8.50-8.85g. With the increase of fertilizer quantity, yield of chestnut significantly increased, however, excessive fertilization had negative effect on the yield. The yield of different treated stands ranged from 693.0-1273.5kg/ha.%设置了不施肥、减量施肥、常规施肥和增量施肥4个施肥处理，对板栗（Castanea mollissima）林土壤生物学性质和产量进行研究。结果表明：在一定施肥范围内，随着施肥量的增加，板栗林地土壤微生物数量也随着增加，细菌、真菌、放线菌数量均表现为常规施肥>增量施肥>减量施肥>不施肥；施肥显著提高了土壤酶活性，蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶活性均表现为增量施肥>常规施肥>减量施肥>不施肥；不同施肥对板栗单果重没有显著影响，平均单果重在8.50~8.85 g/粒；随着施肥量的增加，板栗林产量显著增加，但过量施肥反而使产量降低，不同施肥板栗林产量介于693.0~1273.5 kg/hm2。
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