改性聚磷酸铵对大兴安岭5树种的可燃物阻燃性能研究

摘要

采用改性聚磷酸铵（KH-550/APP）阻燃剂对大兴安岭常见针叶树（油松Pinus tabuliformis var.mukdensis、落叶松Larix gmelinii）和阔叶树（蒙古栎Quercus mongolica、胡桃楸Juglans mandshurica、紫椴Tilia amurensis）的可燃物进行阻燃处理，测定了各树种未处理枯枝、落叶的含水率、热值、灰分及抽提物含量，用锥形量热仪测定处理及未处理的可燃物的燃烧性能。结果表明：KH-550/APP 处理后可燃物的最大热释放速率、总热释放量、总烟释放量均明显降低，成炭率提高，表现出显著的阻燃及抑烟作用；对针叶树种的阻燃效果优于阔叶树种，对树枝的阻燃效果优于树叶；针叶树叶阻燃效果顺序为油松＞落叶松，阔叶树各树叶阻燃效果顺序为：檬古栎＞胡桃楸＞紫椴；针叶树枝阻燃效果顺序为：油松＞落叶松；阔叶树各树枝阻燃效果顺序为：胡桃楸＞檬古栎＞紫椴。%Fuels(dead branch and leaf) ofPinus tabuliformisvar. mukdensis,Larix gmelinii,Quercus mongolica,Juglans mandshurica andTilia amurensis were collected on August 2014 from Daxing’anling Mountains and treated with modified ammonium polyphosphate(KH-550/APP). Determinations were made on moisture content, caloric value, ash content and extractive content of untreated fuels and cone calorimeter test was implemented on untreated and treated fuels. The results showed that peak heat release rate, total heat release, total smoke production of fuels treated by modified APP decreased and carbon residue ratio increased. The experiment demonstrated that treated fuels of coniferous trees had better effect than that of broad leaf trees, treated dead branch had better effect than treated leaf.