全球化时代带来更多的差异和创新，民族国家遭遇各类族群民族主义的冲击，也遭遇次国家主体———地方政府的“去中心化”挑战。一方面，后冷战时代兴起的新族群民族主义与原有国家认同产生复杂关系，有的强化国家认同，有的挑战国家认同，有的弱化国家认同。在发展中国家，该问题的走向主要取决于族群－民族关系的历史发展与现实格局，取决于全球化背景下的民族利益分配；在西方发达国家则取决于昔日民族与国家的重合性程度，也取决于“文化他者”（移民）的涌入量。另一方面，全球化带来的多层治理格局导致地方政府从幕后登临前台，并且在利用财政资源、提供公共服务、政府创新能力、了解公民需求、获取社会发展状况等方面拥有中央政府无法比拟的优势。然而我们要通过分析表明，“去中心化”挑战尚不足以导致“民族国家终结”，因此本文讨论怎样重构民族国家、实现民族国家的自我完善与发展才更具实质意义。%The age of globalization has brought about more diversities and innovations while the nation-state confronts challen-ges from all types of nationalism.It has also been challenged by local governments,the sub-entities of the nation-state.On the one hand,complex relationships emerged between new ethnocentrism that arose in the post-Cold War period and the identi-ty with the original state:some strengthened the state identity,some challenged it,and some weakened such identity.In the de-veloping countries,the nature of this problem largely depends on the historical trends and the current configuration of the rela-tionships among ethnic groups as well as ethnonationalism,on the redistribution of interests,on the degree of overlapping be-tween the previous nation and the state in the West,and also on the volume of the influx of immigrants as“cultural others”.On the other hand,the multiply structured governance has led the local governments coming to the fore.They make use of their ad-vantages in terms of financial resources,public services,creativity,obtaining information on the citizens’needs and for the so-cial development.However,this analysis reveals that the challenge posed by “de -centralization”is not powerful enough to“end the nation-state”.Thus,it is much significant to discuss the approaches to the reconstruction of the nation-state and the realization of its self-perfection and development.
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