Petroleum, Non-renewable resources, belongs to very important energy resources which plays an irreplaceable role in nation economic and social development. As our nation have been making great progresses in economy and the petroleum price keeping soaring, the contradiction of petroleum supply and demand become obvious and petroleum security is facing with sever challenge. Developing the offshore oil and gas resources becomes the inevitable choice under the surrounding of continental hydrocarbon resources increasingly drying up. South China Sea in our four marine areas, not merely contains rich petroleum resources, but rich oil and gas resources, with great potential exploitation. The exploitation of South China Sea resources does great strategic importance to ensuring our energy security and maintaining our marine rights. To speed up developing South China Sea, our country not only should plan for medium and long-term development and speed up its development based on strategic level, but also improve the self-renovation capability, to achieve breakthroughs in such key technology areas as deep-water exploration, production and transportation. What's more, we should also handle the relations properly with surrounding countries, exploring the effective mechanism of joint development, at the same time reaching the final settlement of the South China Sea dispute.%石油是不可再生的重要能源资源，在经济和社会发展中具有不可替代的重要作用。随着我国经济的快速发展和世界油价的不断攀升，石油供需矛盾日益突出，石油安全面临着严峻挑战。在陆地油气资源日渐枯竭的背景下，开发海洋油气资源已成为人类的必然选择。在我国四大海区中南海不仅海域面积辽阔，而且油气资源蕴藏丰富，开发潜力巨大，开发南海资源，对保障我国能源安全和维护国家海洋权利具有重要的战略意义。加快南海开发步伐，不仅需要国家从战略层面制定中长期规划、加大开发力度，而且要提高自主创新能力，在深海勘探、生产和运输等关键技术领域实现突破；还要妥善处理好与周边国家的关系，在致力于最终解决南海争议的同时，探讨共同开发的有效机制。
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