出口贸易、 FDI与中国农产品加工业全要素生产率--基于行业面板数据的实证分析

摘要

This paper first calculates the Total Factor Productivity(TFP) and its decomposed indices of 12 processing industry of agri-cultural products in China from 2001 to 2011 by using the DEA-Malmquist method, and then it analyzes how export and FDI affect TFP and its decomposed indices by using the way of dynamic panel GMM. It is concluded that during this period, the TFP growth of China's agricultural products processing industry is positive, and the most part of contribution is from technological progress. Export trade didn't affect obviously the acceleration of TFP and technological efficiency, while FDI has positive effects on the total factor productivity by the way of technology spillover. Finally, this article puts forward policy recommendations in the light of the conclusion, promoting the export trade positive influence on TFP, strengthening technology spillover which brings by FDI, raising the level of human capital in agricultural products processing industry, improving the R&D input structure, market conditions and scale economies effect of agricultural products processing industry.%通过利用中国农产品加工业12个子行业的面板数据，首先运用DEA的Malmquist方法测算了中国农产品加工业全要素生产率及其分解，之后重点考察了包括出口贸易和外商直接投资在内的各因素对全要素生产率的影响。研究结果发现：在2001-2011年期间，中国农产品加工业全要素生产率整体处于上升趋势，支持了中国农产品加工业全要素生产率平均增长率上升的动力主要来自于技术进步；出口贸易的发展对农产品加工业全要素生产率和技术效率的提高作用并不明显；外商直接投资所带来的技术溢出对于提高中国农产品加工业的全要素生产率有较好的促进作用。根据研究结论，文章得到的政策启示是：提升农产品加工业出口贸易对全要素生产率的正向作用；强化外商直接投资所带来的技术溢出效应；提高农产品加工业人力资本水平；改善农产品加工业R&D投入结构和市场环境；改进农产品加工业的规模经济效应。