我国省域酒店服务业规模化发展能力比较

摘要

从酒店服务业的整体规模、营业收入、营业利润等方面比较分析，了解我国不同区域间酒店服务业发展基础，探寻酒店服务业价值创新的着力点和模式。本文采用2006-2010年期间我国31个省区市酒店服务业数据，选取省域酒店数量、从业人数、客房收入、餐费收入、资产总额、固定资产、主营业务收入等指标，比较省域酒店服务业规模化发展能力，以分类指导酒店服务业的差异化发展。2010年全国国有企业、有限责任公司和私营企业酒店营业数据显示，其收入利润率低于外商投资企业、港澳台商投资企业，可见在内资企业的盈利模式处于劣势。而我国有限责任公司和私营企业酒店服务在税金缴纳比例方面又高于外商投资企业和港澳台商投资企业，甚至高于国有酒店企业。结论表明，我国有限责任公司和私营企业酒店服务创新难度和压力比国有企业更大。一方面国有企业在享有比较低的税率同时，强调稳健营业、规模经营，并没有充分发挥创新优势。另一方面外资企业和港澳台商酒店企业更强调和重视服务创新。研究还发现，国内广东省、北京市、浙江省、江苏省、山东省、上海市六省市酒店服务业规模化发展能力具有较强优势。%Comparisons and analysis about the hotel service scales, revenues and profits to understand the development basis of hotel services in different regions in our country are to try to find the pivotal point and model of hotel service value innovations. The data of hotel service in 31 provinces and regions from 2006-2010 are selected to compare the scale development capabilities of different regional hotel services, so as to guide differential developments.The data are about the number of hotels, the number of employees, hotel rooms revenues, meals revenues, total assets, fixed assets and main business revenues. The data of hotel services of state owned, limited companies and private enterprises show that their profit margin is lower than that of foreign enterprises and investors from HK, Macao and Taiwan in 2010. It shows that our profit model is inferior.However, the tax ratio for our limited companies and private ones is higher than that for the foreign enterprises and those from HK, Macao and Taiwan, even it is higher than that for the state owned hotels. The analysis indicates that the hotel service innovations from the limited companies and private enterprises face much more difficulties and pressures. While the state owned enterprises enjoy lower tax ratio, they just emphasize stable business and scale developments, and do not fully use their innovation potentials, on the other hand, the foreign enterprises and hotels from HK, Macao and Taiwan especially stress and pay much attention on service innovations. Data also show that the scale development capabilities of the hotel services in Guangdong Province, Beijing, Zhe-jiang Province, Jiangshu Province, Shandong Province and Shanghai have relatively better advantages.