死刑是对人彻底的伦理否定，因而其适用标准应当受到正义与人道价值的约束。按照等量正义观，死刑立即执行只能适用于有预谋地杀害无过错的被害人的故意杀人案件；按照人道价值观，死刑立即执行只能适用于彻底表现为伦理恶的被告人。自首表明被告人有悔罪表现或者至少其停止继续实施犯罪，因而对自首的被告人适用死刑立即执行一般不能得到人道价值的支持。舆论常常将被告人扭曲为“公众妖魔”进而强化道德恐慌，容易沦为乌合之众的民粹主义。明确死刑立即执行的适用标准，可以建立司法与民粹主义有效的隔离墙与防御机制。%The death penalty is thorougly ethical negation to human, so its applicable standards should be constrainted by justice and humanity value. According to the equal justice view, immediate execution of death penalty can only be applied to the intentional homicide crime of premeditated killing innocent vic- tims; according to the humane value view, immediate execution of death penalty can only be applied to complete performance of moral evil defendant. Voluntarily surrender oneself at least indicates defendant Show repentance or its stopping crime, so applying immediate execution of death penalty to it generally can not receive the support of humanitarian value. Public opinion often twist the defendant as "public de- mon" and strengthen the moral panic, it is easy to become populism of motley crew. Clearing the applica- ble standards of immediate execution of death penalty can establish effective isolation wall_ between judicial and populism.
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