In order to solve the pollution accumulating problem of high-speed train roof insulators in rainy and foggy winter environment,a hydrodynamic simulation model was built to study the pollution distribution characteristics of the roof insulators. The movement and forces of pollution particles in high-speed gas flow were analyzed by theory of fluid mechanics,and the particles' adhesion and separation behaviors after colliding to insulator surface were discussed by theory of agglomerating fluidization. On this basis,the optimization strategy to reduce the surface contamination was proposed. Analysis results show that the pollution at windward and lee sides of a roof insulator is more serious than that at lateral side in high speed air flow at low temperature. The pollutant mainly accumulates at the root of insulator shed at windward and lee sides,and only a little is adhered evenly on the insulator shed surface at lateral side. When the shed has no ribs,pollution is less and more uniform. In addition,the pollution density increases with an increase in the shed lower inclination angle,but decreases with an increase in the shed spacing. To achieve the minimum pollution density,the roof insulator shed should has no ribs on its lower surface,the shed upper inclination angle should be 8°, and the shed lower inclination angle 0 ° .%针对冬季雨、雾环境电气化铁路高速列车车顶绝缘子积污问题，利用流体力学理论分析了高速气流中污秽颗粒的受力和运动，用聚团流化理论对绝缘子表面污秽受力后粘附与分离状况进行了分析，建立了流体力学仿真模型，研究了高速列车车顶绝缘子积污特性，提出了减少表面积污密度的策略。研究结果表明：低温环境高速气流中，车顶绝缘子迎风面与背风面积污较为严重，且主要分布在伞裙根部，侧面积污较轻分布于绝缘子伞裙；无伞棱结构污秽在绝缘子表面分布均匀，积污量较少；积污密度随伞裙下倾角的增大而渐增大，随伞裙间距的增大而减小，建议采用绝缘子伞裙上倾角为8°、下倾角为0°、伞裙下表面无伞楞的结构。
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