为研究海洋桥梁施工围堰在波浪作用下波浪压力的分布规律,通过现场实测及数值模拟的方法,对海洋桥梁施工过程中使用的大尺度钢围堰表面波浪压力进行了研究.基于三维绕射理论,使用代表波法,对实测有效波高进行规则波模拟,确定了波压力峰值沿围堰表面的分布规律以及随水深的变化规律,并对围堰表面的波浪动压力峰值进行了分析,并与实测值进行了对比.结果表明:三维绕射理论能合理地模拟围堰表面波压力分布;在绕射效应的影响下,波浪总压力、波浪动压力均呈现出迎浪侧大、背浪侧小的特点,波浪动压最大增幅可达125％;实测总压力随水深增加而增加,波浪动压力峰值随水深增加而减小.%To study the wave pressure distribution on the cofferdam under wave loads,an in-situ measurement and several numerical simulations of the wave pressure on a large-scale steel cofferdam used for construction of a marine bridge were carried out.Through the regular wave simulation of measured significant wave height based on 3D diffraction analysis and representative method,the distribution pattern of peak wave pressures along the surface of the cofferdam and along water depth was obtained and compared with the measured results.Meanwhile,the dynamic wave pressure distribution along the surface of the cofferdam was analyzed and compared with the measured values as well.The results show that the 3D diffraction analysis gives reasonable results about the pressure distribution along the cofferdam.Under the influence of wave diffraction,the peak wave pressure and peak dynamic wave pressure presents a large value at the up-wave side,while a small value at the down-wave side.The maximum difference of dynamic pressure is up to 125％.The measured pressure increases with depth of water,while the peak dynamic wave pressure decreases with depth.
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