动车组的轮轨型面匹配关系

摘要

In order to study the matching relationship between different wheel treads and rail profilesfor EMU (electric multiple unit) trains,a comparative study was made by investigation of the wheel-rail contact geometry parameters,static mechanical properties,running stability of vehicles,andwheel-rail wear.Computational results by CONTACT and SIMPACK show that the running stability ofvehicles on the 60N rail is better than that on the 60 kg/m rail because the 60N rail head is improvedto be more smooth and the wheel-rail contact area is kept in the middle position of the rail head.Whenusing two types of wheel treads,LMA and S1002CN,to match with the 60N rail,the contact spot areaof the 60N rail surface can get a better proportion of sticking area and slipping area,so the generalwheel-rail damage and wear are reduced effectively in the operation.However,the contact stressbetween the 60N rail surface and the LMA tread or the S1002CN tread with a small displacement is big,and hence may result in a large vertical wear.When the lateral displacement is 4-8 mm,the contact stress between the 60N rail surface and S1002CN tread is smaller than that of the 60 kg/m rail,and the wheel-rail wear is lower for vehicles negotiating curves.Therefore,the contact relationship between the 60N rail surface and the wheel tread is more favorable for the running stability of EMU vehicles,but wheel-rail contact points focused on the middle will aggravate the vertical wear.%为研究不同车轮踏面与不同钢轨型面的匹配关系,分别从轮轨接触几何参数、轮轨静态接触力学性能、车辆运行稳定性和磨耗方面进行对比分析.CONTACT轮轨接触模型和SIMPACK多体动力学模型的计算结果表明,由于60N轨面将轨头部分进行了改进,轮轨接触光带居中,车辆运行稳定性趋于优化;两种车轮踏面与60N 轨面匹配时具有更优的黏滑区比例,能有效减小轮轨间的损伤和磨耗;LMA踏面和小位移下的S1002CN踏面与60N轨面匹配时接触应力较大,易造成较大的垂向磨耗;对于S1002CN踏面与60N轨面匹配的情形,在横移量4～8 mm时的接触应力小于其与60 kg/m轨面匹配时的数值,有利于降低曲线线路轮轨间磨耗.由此可见,60N 轨面与动车组车辆踏面的接触关系更利于改善车辆的运行稳定性,但过于集中的轮轨接触点对加剧了钢轨的垂向磨耗.