不同授粉方式对苦瓜膨大效果的影响

摘要

[目的]研究不同授粉方式对苦瓜果实膨大的影响,为其设施栽培提供参考依据.[方法]以桂农6号苦瓜为试验材料,在设施大棚内分别进行人工授粉(套袋处理)和蜜蜂授粉,连续授粉5d,每天统计坐果率;于授粉后第1、4、7、10和14 d测量果实的横径、纵径、周径和单瓜重量,计算日相对生长率;在成熟期测定果实的可溶性固形物和维生素C含量.[结果]人工授粉的苦瓜横径和周径在整个生育期均较蜜蜂授粉苦瓜大,蜜蜂授粉苦瓜纵径在授粉后第14 d大于人工授粉苦瓜,两种授粉方式的苦瓜横径、纵径和周径相对生长率均呈下降趋势;授粉后第1~4d人工授粉的苦瓜横径和周径相对生长率显著高于蜜蜂授粉苦瓜(P<0.05,下同),授粉后第5~7 d则显著低于蜜蜂授粉苦瓜.蜜蜂授粉的苦瓜单瓜重在发育后期增重明显,单瓜重相对生长率在授粉后第5~7d迅速下降,此时人工授粉的苦瓜单瓜重相对生长率显著高于蜜蜂授粉苦瓜,在授粉后第10 d有小幅度上升.蜜蜂授粉的苦瓜坐果率较人工授粉低,但果实果型指数、可溶性固形物和维生素C含量高于人工授粉.[结论]人工授粉苦瓜前中期发育快,蜜蜂授粉苦瓜在后期发育较快,蜜蜂授粉可提高苦瓜果实品质.%[Objective]The effects of different pollination methods on expansion of bitter gourd were studied to pro-vide reference for the protected cultivation of bitter gourd.[Method]Guinong 6 bitter gourd was used as experimental ma-terial.The bitter gourd were continuously pollinated for 5 d in green house by artificial pollination(bagging treatment)and bee pollination respectively.The fruit setting rate was counted everyday;horizontal diameter,vertical diameter,circum-ference and weight of single fruit were measured 1,4,7,10 and 14 d after pollination,and daily average relative growth rate was calculated.The content of soluble solids and vitamin C in bitter gourd were tested during fruit mature period.[Re-sult]The horizontal diameter and circumference of bitter gourd through artificial pollination were bigger than those of bi-tter gourd through bee pollination during the whole growth period.On day 14 after pollination,the vertical diameter of bi-tter gourd through bee pollination were bigger than that of bitter gourd through artificial pollination.The relative growth rate of horizontal diameter,vertical diameter and circumference in the two pollination methods both decreased.The rela-tive growth rate of horizontal diameter and circumference of bitter gourd through artificial pollination was significantly higher than those of bitter gourd through bee pollination(P<0.05,the same below)1-4 d after pollination.The single fruit weight of bitter gourd through bee pollination increased obviously in the late stage of growth.The relative growth rate of single fruit weight decreased rapidly 5-7 d after pollination while the relative growth rate of bitter gourd single fruit weight through artificial pollination was significantly higher than that of bitter gourd through bee pollination.Then the relative growth rate of single fruit weight increased slightly on day 10 after pollination.Fruit setting rate of bitter gourd through bee pollination was lower than that of bitter gourd through artificial pollination.However,fruit index,contents of soluble solids and vitamin C in fruit through bee pollination was higher than those in fruit through artificial pollination.[Conclu-sion]Bitter gourd through artificial pollination grows rapidly in the early and middle stage of growth.Bitter gourd through bee pollination grows rapidly in the late stage of growth and bee pollination can improve fruit quality of bitter gourd.