This paper presents an EE (energy efficiency) model and measuring approach for cloud computing. A mathematical expression of EE is first defined, as well as the measuring and calculation approaches, and the extreme conditions of EE are deduced. Then, to facilitate calculating EE, the mathematical expression between the computer power and the CPU working state is improved, thus EE can be calculated through CPU usage and CPU frequency, which simplifies the measurement of EE. In addition, the study designs and implements a series of experiments to verify the correctness of the proposed model. CPU-intensive, I/O intensive and interactive jobs are performed in both stand-alone environment and cloud environment to evaluate their Ees and to summarize their features as well as the optimization approaches. Both the theory and experiments have proved that the proposed EE model and measuring approach can accurately evaluate the EE of cloud systems and lay the foundation for EE optimization.%提出一种云计算环境下的能效模型和度量方法.首先定义了能效的数学表达及其测量和计算方法,并推导出了能效最大值的发生条件；其次,为方便能效计算,改进了计算机功率和CPU工作状态之间关系的数学表达,通过CPU使用率和频率来计算能效,从而简化了能效测量方法,此外,还设计并实施了大量实验,验证了提出的能效模型的正确性；同时对单机环境,云计算环境中CPU密集型、I/O密集型和交互型运算进行能效评估,总结其能效规律和优化办法,理论和实验证明,所提出的能效模型和计算方法能够准确地评估云系统的能效,并为能效优化奠定基础.
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