国内外深部资源开采发展的现状表明,随着地球浅部矿物资源逐渐枯竭,深部矿产资源开采已然趋于常态.然而,由于深部岩体典型的“三高”赋存环境的本真属性及资源开采“强扰动”“强时效”的附加属性,导致深部高能级、大体量的工程灾害频发,机理不清,难以预测和有效控制,传统岩石力学和开采理论在深部适用性方面存在争议.其根本原因在于,现有岩石力学理论都建立在基于静态研究视角的材料力学的基础上,已滞后于人类岩土工程实践活动,与深度不相关、与工程活动不相关、与深部原位环境不相关,亟需发展考虑深部原位状态和开采扰动的深部岩体力学新理论、新方法,破解深部资源开采的理论与技术难题.“深部岩体力学与开采理论”项目以提升中国深部资源获取能力为导向,针对中国深部矿产资源开采将全面进入1 000～2000 m阶段这一基本现状,凝练了四大关键科学问题:1)深部岩体原位力学行为与地应力环境;2)深部岩体应力场-能量场分析、模拟与可视化;3)深部强扰动和强时效下的多相并存多场耦合理论;4)深部资源低生态损害协同高效开采理论与技术.结合关键科学问题的内涵,提出五大重点研究内容:1)深部岩体原位力学行为和地应力环境;2)深部采动岩体力学及多场多相渗流理论;3)深部采动应力场-能量场演化规律;4)深部岩体变形监测、安全预警与稳定控制;5)深部矿产资源生态化协同高效开采理论与技术.最后,将五大重点研究内容细分为九大前沿研究方向:1)深部岩体原位力学行为研究;2)深部围岩长期稳定性分析与控制;3)深部地应力环境与灾害动力学;4)深部强扰动和强时效下多场多相渗流理论;5)深部采动应力场-能量场分析、模拟与可视化;6)深部高应力诱导与能量调控理论;7)深部采动岩层变形监测预警与控制;8)深部煤矿安全绿色开采理论与技术;9)深部金属矿协同开采理论与技术.基于以上内容,初步构建了深部岩体力学与开采理论研究体系,以期为未来中国深部矿产资源开发提供理论基础与技术支撑.%Based on the current situation of the deep resources exploitation at home and abroad,deep mining has become the norm owing to the exhaustion of the shallow mineral resources.Nevertheless,because of the initial property of the ‘ three high’ occurrence environment of the deep rock mass and also the additional property of ‘ strong disturbance’ and ‘ strong timeliness’ of resource exploitation,the large-scale disasters with high energy level frequently occur in deep engineering.Meanwhile,it is difficult to predict and get an effective control because of its unclear mechanism.The essential cause of this reality is that the existing rock mechanics theories are based on the material mechanics in a static researching perspective,which has lagged behind the practice of nowadays geotechnical engineering.The existing theories are not related to the depth,the engineering activity and the deep underground in-situ environment.It has become urgent to develop new theories and methods of deep rock mechanics with consideration of deep in situ state and mining disturbance to solve the theoretical and technical problems of deep resource exploitation.In the view of China's actual situation that the exploitation of deep mineral resources will enter into a stage of 1 000 ～ 2 000 m,the project oriented with improving the capability of deep resources acquisition,has condensed four key scientific issues:1)in-situ mechanical behavior and stress environment of deep rock mass;2)the analysis,simulation and visualization of deep rock stress field and energy field;3)coupling theory of ‘ multi-fields’ and ‘ multi-phases’ coexisting in deep resource exploitation under the effect of ‘strong disturbance’,‘strong timeliness’;4)the theory and technology of high efficiency mining of deep resources with low ecological damage.Meanwhile,combining the connotation of the key scientific issues,five key researching contents have been proposed:1) in-situ mechanical behavior and stress environment of deep rock mass;2) deep mining mechanics and flow theory in‘ multi-fields’ and ‘ multi-phases’;3) evolution law of stress field and energy field in deep mining;4) deformation monitoring,safety early warning and stability control of deep rock mass;5) the theory and technology of eco efficiency mining of deep mineral resources.Finally,nine researching frontiers have been specified from the five key researching contents:1) research on the in-situ mechanical behavior of deep rock mass;2)long-term stability analysis and control of deep surrounding rocks;3) deep crustal stress environment and disaster dynamics;4)flow theory of multi-fields and multi-phases under deep strong disturbance and strong timeliness of deep rock mass;5) analysis,simulation and visualization of stress field and energy field under the effect of deep mining;6)the theory of high stress induction and energy regulation in deep;7)monitoring,warning and control of rock deformation in deep mining;8)theory and technology of safe and green mining in deep mining;9)theory and technology of collaborative mining in deep metal mines.Thus,the researching system of deep rock mechanics and mining theory is initially constructed,in order to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the exploitation of the China's deep mineral resources in the future.
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